Mykyichuk B. Creation of normative and technical principles for individual accounting of consumed thermal energy with assessment of its quality

The dissertation concerns the problems of increasing the reliability of individual accounting of heat energy consumption by individual premises of an apartment building. The paper shows that the physical wear and tear of buildings and equipment leads to an increase in heat consumption, and today there are no standardized methods and techniques convenient for practical use that would objectively (through economic indicators) stimulate each individual consumer to comprehensively save energy. The analysis of the existing structure of the centralized supply of energy carriers according to the multi-source collective principle shows the practical difficulty of simple hardware (objective) accounting of heat consumed by individual consumers. Also, there is no regulatory framework that would allow the calculation of payment for the used heat, taking into account the quality of the service provided for the reporting period. In this regard, the task of increasing the reliability of thermal energy accounting with simultaneous assessment of its quality, with the aim of its rational use, is an extremely urgent problem of the economy of Ukraine. Today, the following basic methods of commercial thermal energy accounting are used: according to the approved consumption norms related to the unit area of the room, proportional distribution of readings of house heat accounting units, related to the area a specific room, proportional distribution of readings of house heat accounting units, related to the determined individual thermal technical characteristics of individual rooms and the efficiency of the heating devices used in them. At the same time, there are a number of methodological accounting errors associated with the specifics of the thermal-physical and structural features of individual premises of the building. Also, the existing regulatory legal support does not allow to quickly assess the quality of the heat supply service, which does not contribute to the timely implementation of corrective actions. In the dissertation, an analysis of thermal energy accounting methods was carried out and their effectiveness was established for individual accounting of consumption by individual premises of an apartment building. It has been established that the most rational accounting scheme for consumed thermal energy is its commercial accounting based on the measurement results of the home accounting unit with subsequent distribution among individual consumers according to the readings of apartment heat distribution devices. A mathematical model of the individual consumption of thermal energy by a separate room was developed and analyzed. It is shown that an important condition for the fulfillment of contractual obligations between the performer and the consumer of the heat supply service is the provision of the appropriate level of thermal efficiency of the room. It is proposed to standardize the coefficient of thermal efficiency of the room and carry out its periodic assessment based on the results of a thermal audit. The structure of the thermal imaging monitoring system, which consists of a thermal imaging camera, a photo camera based on a matrix with charge connections, and a pyrometer, has been developed. An algorithm for the operation of the thermal imaging monitoring system was developed, which allows identification of heat loss locations and linking them to a specific location of the enclosing structure of the house under investigation. Also, a block diagram of the use of morphogolic and CANNY data processing algorithms based on the results of thermal imaging monitoring was developed. Necessary conditions for increasing the accuracy of accounting for heat consumption by individual rooms have been analyzed. An approach to estimating the uncertainty of heat energy measurement results for systems with flowmeters and counters of various types has been developed. The dissertation developed recommendations for the method of distributing heat energy costs between consumers of multi-apartment buildings. The proposed changes to the methodology will allow for the distribution of consumed heat energy between consumers of multi-apartment buildings in the case of the use of general building heat metering units and the presence of consumers whose premises are equipped, not equipped with heat distribution devices, and which are equipped with autonomous heating systems. An algorithm for assessing the quality of the heat supply service has been developed, which can be used in the planning and organization of the heat supply of an individual consumer, as well as confirmation of the right to change the amount of payment in case of a decrease in the quality of the service.