The dissertation is devoted to the architectural development of Kropyvnytskyi (Yelisavethrad) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: determining the peculiarities of city-forming and city-forming factors, as well as the development of a system of ‘exemplary’ projects and the structure of institutions of state regulation of architecture and construction, which, together with the peculiarities of the stylistic development of architecture, influenced the architectural development of the city. The prerequisites and factors of formation and development of the urban planning structure and architecture of Yelisavetgrad in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It has been determined that the objects of study are concentrated mainly within Pashutynska Street - Teatralnyi Lane; Preobrazhenska Street - T. Shevchenko Street.
The state of preservation of architectural heritage objects of the late XIX - early XX centuries and their localisation are determined. The studied objects of architectural heritage are systematised and classified by typological, planning and compositional features. The development of building typology in accordance with the socio-economic development of the city is revealed. The predominance of frontal orientation of building entrances, despite their location in the structure of the neighbourhood, became a planning feature of the city houses of the late XIX century. Corner entrances became widespread in the early twentieth century. The central-axis composition of facades prevailed in public buildings and revenue houses with four flats per floor, and the two-axis composition - in the facades of revenue houses with one flat per floor and one-storey two-apartment houses. At the beginning of the 20th century, dissymmetrical composition prevailed in the composition of facades. Corridor, enfilade and combined interior layouts were widespread in public buildings. At the beginning of the twentieth century, halls and cellular layouts became widespread in profitable houses.
Translated with DeepL.com (free version)Translated with DeepL.com (free version)The tendencies of influence of the compositional and stylistic characteristics of the studied objects on the architectural practice of the 1950s of the twentieth century are determined through the use of techniques of retrospective reminiscences of their elements in new buildings, copying the existing background elements of facades in their extensions. It is shown that the radical reconstruction of the centre in the 1970s and 1980s, as a result of the object-based approach to architectural heritage, according to which monuments built before the eighteenth century were considered as such, destroyed significant architectural heritage objects of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which led to a loss of identity and distortion of the scale of the historic centre's development. Modern principles and methods of reconstruction and regeneration of the historical buildings and urban planning framework of the centre of Kropyvnytskyi are defined, based on modern requirements for the formation of a holistic, comfortable, harmonious architectural environment. Among them are the principle of sustainable development, the principle of contextual disclosure of building features, the principle of typological variability (adaptability) of the historic centre, the principle of introducing new engineering technologies into the historic environment. The factors that led to the loss of identity of historical buildings in the centre of Kropivnitsky were identified. The experience of Yelisavetgrad city administration in controlling the state of the building and implementation of architectural and planning measures is studied. Measures contributing to the sustainability of development of modern architectural environment of the city are revealed. Practical recommendations on carrying out reconstruction measures and formation of complex environment in the modern development of the central part of the city are given, which are shown on the example of projects with the participation of the author. The significance of the dissertation research in the further definition of measures for the formation of a modern comfortable architectural environment of the historical centre of the city is established. The directions of further research of the historical buildings of Kropyvnytskyi in the latenineteenth and early twentieth centuries are determined.
Key words: architectural and planning structure, architectural form, Yelisavethrad, historicism, composition, Kropyvnytskyi, Art Nouveau.
