Shcherbatyuk I. Socio-economic human rights in the context of globalization: theoretical and practical aspects

The dissertation analyzes the theoretical and legal problems of human rights policy; outlines the state's obligations in the field of ensuring rights; proposes criteria for assessing government performance; analyzes international legal aspects of the application of soft law instruments related to business and human rights; identifies critical gaps in the capacity of the duty-bearer in legal, institutional, political norms and knowledge about human rights of both rights holders and duty-bearers; justifies the role of the rule of law principle as a prerequisite for the state to fulfill its obligations to respect, protect and fulfill human rights; explores corporate social responsibility regarding human rights. The political nature of human rights is explored, which implies politics and the state as the main addressees of human rights and obligations regarding the responsibility of state bodies and civil servants for their implementation. Three ways of describing human rights are identified: through an assessment of political institutions; through substantiation of reasons that are or can be publicly approved; through limitations of feasibility in current political circumstances. The universality and indivisibility of human rights and their importance for the development of peaceful and democratic societies are substantiated, and the need to provide for the freedom of rights holders to defend their rights is provided. The fundamental principles of human rights policy are analyzed (nondiscrimination, participation, accountability, involvement), combined with the explicit recognition of people as rights holders and states as primary duty bearers, which are the main features of state policy on human rights. The influence of the party-political coloring of the legislative and executive branches on the definition of policy and the final results of state activity is established. The duty of the state to protect people in other countries from private subjects from its own country is substantiated, integrating human rights into the sphere of foreign economic activity, including the fight against terrorism, and the role of international organizations in the protection of human rights is outlined. The priorities of the state policy of Ukraine are highlighted, in particular the development of socially responsible business, which is ensured by the active participation of the state; Four elements in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) framework are identified: legal responsibility; economic responsibility; ethical behavior; discretionary responsibility. Criteria for evaluating the results of activities in the field of corporate social responsibility are identified: productivity, effectiveness and efficiency. The moral goals of business and the proper relationship between business and society are investigated with an emphasis on human rights and sustainable development; several real and potential consequences of such interaction are analyzed. New principles of corporate governance are identified, which provide for regulatory intervention to establish legal restrictions on various areas of a company's activity: strengthening rules aimed at bribery, corruption, foreign companies, tax evasion, unfair or abusive labor practices and other socially irresponsible business practices. To encourage responsible corporate behavior and promote public welfare, it is advisable to develop a regulatory framework and incentives for the implementation of CSR