Kulbanska I. Forestry and ecological principles of the formation of biotic stability of stands with the participation of Abies alba Mill. in the Pokutsko-Bukovynsky Carpathians

Українська версія

Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Science (DSc)

State registration number

0525U000317

Thesis Registration Form

0525U000317.pdf

Applicant for

Specialization

  • 06.03.03 - Лісознавство і лісівництво

05-07-2025

Specialized Academic Board

Д 26.852.58

National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine

Essay

For the first time, the species composition of pathogenic micro- and mycobiota associated with the degradation of stands with the participation of Abies alba, in their systemic interaction with forest woody plants, depending on forest-ecological, biotic and phytocenotic factors, as prerequisites for the violation of biotic stability in the forests of the research region, was determined. In particular, 54 species of fungi were recorded and identified, of which 18.5 % are representatives of the Ascomycota division and 81.5 % are representatives of the Basidiomycota division. Of these, 13 species form consortia with Picea abies, 6 species with Abies alba, and 35 species with Fagus sylvatica. A certain dependence of indicators of the sanitary state of the forests of the PokutskoBukovyna Carpathians with the main forestry and taxation indicators of stands has been established. Artificial plantations are weakened, while stands of natural origin are characterized by increased stability. Stagnant forests are practically healthy; weakened – mature stands and young trees; medieval plantations are in the risk group. The most weakened are the fir stands in the conditions of the wet beech-spruce forest. Analysis of the weakening of forest stands depending on the composition of the stand shows that the proportion of fir in the composition within the cenotic optimum (25–30 %) throughout the entire period of growing stands is one of the important factors of its resistance. Five stages of degradation of stands with the participation of Abies alba are distinguished. The trigger of the first stage is the sudden transformation of environmental conditions by abiotic and anthropogenic factors. The II stage is associated with the activation of phytopathogens of different systematic affiliations and invasions of harmful insects, in particular Adelges piceae. Stage III leads to a rapid «clinical» death of A. alba, while stage IV is characterized by abnormal changes in the structure of fire wood. Degradative changes are intensified due to the settlement of trees by xylotrophs and xylophages from the families Scolytinae and Cerambycidae. During the onset of the V stage, the ecological and physiological characteristics of the soil are optimized, which effectively restores the physiological processes of the producing plants. It was found that the typical symptomatic signs of ulcerative tumor-like disease of Abies alba are the formation of typical cuff-like growths and «witches' brooms» on young branches and shoots. The causative agent is the obligate pathogen Melampsorella cerastii. The potential role of endophytic myco- and microbiota in the formation of biotic stability of stands with the participation of Abies alba was established, and 40 species of bacteria directly related to plant life were isolated, of which 12 isolates were endophytes, and 28 were epiphytes. Bacillus bacterium isolates were used to study phytostimulating activity. From the tissues of Abies alba, based on the results of morphological and cultural studies, as well as the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, the Lelliottia amnigena strain was isolated as a component of the endophytic microbiota, and entered into the GenBank database under the number PP734867. Investigating the mechanism of biotic stability of stands with the participation of Abies alba, a comprehensive approach to the assessment of stability is proposed, which includes three groups of factors (abiotic, biotic and anthropic), as well as the key features of sustainable forest ecosystems are highlighted, considering them from the forestry-ecological, biotic and phytocenotic perspectives. A scheme for the formation of biotic stability of stands based on 15 signs was formed and it was proposed to distinguish 3 categories of stability: I category of stability (stable or inert), II category of stability (with impaired stability or tolerant), III category of stability (unstable). The polyfactorial theory of the emergence and development of forest stand degradation as a sign of biotic stability under the influence of environmental factors was further developed. Based on its main findings, a theoretical model for assessing the biotic stability of stands in the context of forestry-ecological, biotic and phytocenotic factors has been created. A phytocoenotic method of diagnosing the causes of pathological processes in forests has been developed, according to which the syntaxonomic affiliation, species composition and ecological timing of forests with the participation of Abies alba is one of the signs of biotic stability of stands.

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Research papers

Гойчук А. Ф., Дрозда В. Ф., Кульбанська І. М., Швець М. В. Бактеріози лісових деревних рослин у лісах Полісся та Лісостепу України. Scientific Journal Ukrainian Journal of Forest & Wood Science. 2019. Vol. 10 (2). P. 14–25.

Kulbanska I., Shvets M., Markov F. Etiology and symptomatology of bacterioses of wood plants in the stands of the green zone of the city of Kiev. Scientific Horizons. 2019. Vol. 12 (85). P. 84–95.

Goychuk A., Shvets M., Kulbanska I., Markov F., Muljukina N., Patyka V. Bacterial diseases of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). Microbiological Journal. 2020. Vol. 82 (3). P. 22–34.

Goychuk F., Kulbanska І., Shvets M. Bacteria associated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi in the pathology of Fraxinus excelsior L. Microbiological Journal. 2020. Vol. 82 (3). P. 22–34.

Goychuk A., Drozda V., Shvets M., Kulbanska I. Bacterial wetwood of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth): symptomology, etiology and pathogenesis. Folia Forestalia Polonica. 2020. Vol. 62 (3). P. 145–159.

Kulbanska І., Goychuk А., Shvets М., Biliavska L., Patyka V. Lelliottia nimipressuralis (Carter 1945) Brady et al. 2013 – patient of bacterial hydrogen oak (Quercus robur L.) in Ukraine. Microbiological Journal. 2021. Vol. 83 (5). P. 30–41.

Kulbanska I., Shvets M. Myco- and microorganisms in the tuberculosis pathology of the common ash in Ukraine and interaction between them. Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science. 2021. Vol. 12 (2). P. 81–92.

Kulbanska I. M., Plikhtyak P. P., Shvets M. V., Soroka M. I., Goychuk A. F. Lelliottia nimipressuralis (Carter 1945) Brady et al. 2013 as the causative agent of bacterial wetwood disease of common silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). Folia Forestalia Polonica. 2022. Vol. 64 (3). P. 173–183.

Kulbanska I. Etiology of Bacterial Wetwood of Quercus robur L. Scientific Journal Ukrainian Journal of Forest & Wood Science. 2022. Vol. 13 (2). P. 16–23.

Goychuk A., Kulbanska I., Vyshnevsky A., Shvets M., Andreieva O. Spread and harmfulness of infectious diseases of the main forest-forming species in Zhytomyr Polissia of Ukraine. Scientific Horizons. 2022. Vol. 25 (9). P. 64–74.

Kulbanska I., Shvets M., Goychuk A., Sporek M., Pasicnhyk L., Patyka V., Kalinichenko A., Bąk M. Phytopathogenic bacteria associated with bacterioses of common oak (Quercus robur L.) in Ukraine. Forests. 2023. Vol. 14 (1). Article 1.

Goychuk A., Kulbanska I., Shvets M., Pasichnyk L., Patyka V., Kalinichenko A., Degtyareva L. Bacterial diseases of bioenergy woody plants in Ukraine. Sustainability. 2023. Vol. 15. 4189.

Kulbanska I., Boiko H., Shvets M., Vyshnevskyi A., Savchenko Y. The role of aphyllophoroid macromycetes as indicators of forest ecosystem disruption and reducers of biomass accumulation. Scientific Horizons. 2023. Vol. 26 (3). P. 70–80.

Yavorovskyi P., Hurzhii R., Kulbanska I., Boyko H., Andrusiak Yu. Influence of winter storage methods of acorns on the development and growth processes of common oak. Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science. 2023. Vol. 14 (2). P. 96–108.

Kulbanska I., Goychuk A., Soroka M., Shvets M., Vyshnevskyi A. Ulcerative tumorlike disease of white fir in the forest stands of the Pokuttia Carpathians. Ukrainian Journal of Forest & Wood Science. 2024. Vol. 14 (2). P. 57–71.

Kulbanska I. Systematic and structural analysis of forest mycobiota with the participation of Abies alba Mill. in the Pokutsko-Bukovyna Carpathians. Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science. 2024. Vol. 15 (2). P. 41–58.

Kulbanska I., Goychuk A., Soroka M., Plikhtyak P., Shvets M., Pasichnyk L. Bacterial wetwood of Ulmus glabra Huds. in the relict coenopopulation of the Pokutsky Carpathians (Ukraine). Folia Forestalia Polonica. 2024. Vol. 66. No. 4. P. 371–382.

Andreieva O., Martynchuk I., Zhytova O., Zymaroieva A., Kulbanska I. Symptoms of Fraxinus excelsior damage in Zhytomyr Polissya. Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science. 2024. Vol. 15 (4). P. 8–24.

Кульбанська І. М. Моніторинг комах-листогризів дуба звичайного (Quercus robur L.) та дуба червоного (Quercus rubra L.). Науковий вісник Національного університету біоресурсів і природокористування України. Серія: Лісівництво та декоративне садівництво. 2017. Вип. 266. С. 139–147.

Гойчук А. Ф., Дрозда В. Ф., Кульбанська І. М. Туберкульоз ясена звичайного у Західному Поділлі України: етіологія, симптоматика, патогенез. Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України. 2018. № 16. С. 31–40.

Kulbanska I., Shvets M., Rusnak O., Vyshnevskyi A. Beech forests of the «Vyzhnytskyi National Natural Park»: current sanitary condition and problems of preservation. Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The Series: Agronomy and Biology. 2024. № 55 (1). С. 18–25.

Кульбанська І. М. Санітарний стан лісів Національного природного парку «Гуцульщина» та причини його ослаблення. Науковий вісник Національного лісотехнічного університету України. 2024. № 34 (3). С. 45–52.

Кульбанська І. М. Моніторинг змін площ лісового покриву ПокутськоБуковинських Карпат засобами геоінформаційних технологій. Науковий вісник Національного лісотехнічного університету України. 2024. № 34 (5). С. 23–28.

Сорока М., Возняк А., Пліхтяк П., Гойчук А., Кульбанська І. Системноструктурні особливості фітобіоти ялицево-букових лісів Покутських Карпат. Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України. 2024. № 26. С. 20–34.

Kulbanska I. M., Shvets M. V., Plikhtyak P. P., Soroka M. I., Goychuk A. F. Bacterial and fungal interactions in the tuberculosis pathology of common ash in Ukraine. Zarządzanie ochroną przyrody w lasach. 2021. Tom XIV. Р. 45–62.

Kulbanska I., Soroka M., Gojczuk A., Plichtiak P. Stan sanitarny lasów Karpat Pokucko-Bukovińskich i czynniki jego pogorszenia. Zarządzanie ochroną przyrody w lasach. 2023. Tom XV. Р. 25–40.

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