In the dissertation the peculiarities of improving the elements of pork production technology are theoretically generalized and experimentally substantiated through the reconstruction of systems of feeding and disposal of pig waste products in the conditions of an industrial complex and the connection with animal productivity, microclimate and the state of the environment, which ensure recycling and energy-saving waste-free production of pork, and create conditions for diversification of production activities.
In order to increase the capacity of the pig complex from 24 to 30 thousand heads per year without expanding the production area of the industrial pig complex, based on innovative developments, at the first stage, an assessment of technological solutions of the three-phase technology of pork production and the developed production program was carried out. In addition, reconstruction of the feedlot and genetic improvement of the pig herd of the breeding farm was carried out. As a result of the measures taken, the performance indicators of the pig complex and breeder improved.
The introduction of a new system of automation of the feed plant management and software and the reconstruction and modernization made it possible to increase the technological level of feed production. Thanks to the reconstruction and modernization of the pig complex, production indicators have improved. In particular, livestock grew by 4.32%, gross production by 7.11%, average daily growth of livestock by 5.61%. the production of products per average annual sow increased by -7.11%, the costs of feed production and the cost of 1 head of offspring decreased (by 6.43%) (by 3.56%).
In order to identify the effectiveness of biological substances of different nature for the disposal of manure, comparative tests were conducted. The following substances were used to neutralize the stinky smell: Barda - a product of alcohol production, Complezim - a product of microbial production and De-Odorase - a product made from the Yucca plant. Preparations were added to underground baths, as well as to manure storages and manure sites. The integrated approach gave a positive effect, which was expressed in the reduction of the release of harmful gases, the foul smell and the acceleration of manure utilization. .
The original technique for reducing foul-smelling emissions was the installation of a protective hangar with a water-dispersion filtration chamber above the platform where manure was separated into liquid and solid fractions.
It was established that the improved separator station prevents the spread of foul-smelling gases into the environment and does not negatively affect the ecological state of the environment. The conducted organoleptic evaluation of the smell showed the expediency of the carried out modernization
Before the reconstruction on the site where manure separation took place, the odor intensity rating was at the level of 3 points. After the reconstruction in the middle of the hangar, the rating was at the level of 2 points, and outside the hangar was 1 point.
We also established the effectiveness of the biological disposal of manure on the pig complex with the help of alcohol and cognac bard. It has been established that the wastes of ethanol production - alcohol and cognac bard with their ratio to liquid manure of 1:8 - 1:10 can be used as a deodorant to eliminate an unpleasant specific smell.
Our proposed option of using bard as a manure deodorant does not require costs for its disposal and has an ecological effect. The results of our research show that the most preferable way from the point of view of maintaining the effect of disinfection and the pressure of unpleasant odor for a long time is the introduction of Complezym to all manure removal sites (a high deodorizing effect was maintained after 14 days of exposure from the moment of introduction of Complezym into the manure drains.
The treatment of the solid fraction of manure with Complezym followed by vermiculture is an effective way to carry out deep processing of manure effluents with the aim of with the aim of their further use as the main component in the production of complex organo-mineral fertilizers for further application of the latter to the fields. The received data indicate the possibility of diversification of production.
In order to create an appropriate microclimate in pig premises and effectively clean emissions, it has been developed a method of biological disposal of polluted air from dust and harmful gases, which is carried out by installing phytomodules along the walls of the premises, which are filled with phytocompositions from various plants, introducing biologically active drugs into underground manure baths, passing emissions through the intensive bubbling chamber in the alcohol bar and the water-dispersed zone of the filtration unit.
