Latsyk N.V. “Enhancing the Environmental Safety of Atmospheric Air at Construction Industry Enterprises (case study of PJSC Ivano-Frankivskcement)”. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in specialty 101 - Ecology, field of knowledge 10 - Natural Sciences, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Lviv, 2025. The dissertation is devoted to the study of the technogenic impact of the cement industry on atmospheric air and the development of effective measures to mitigate its environmental impact. The first chapter examines the significance of the cement industry for Ukraine’s construction sector and its environmental impact. This industry plays a crucial role in capital construction, utilizing domestic raw materials such as limestone, marl, and clay. Cement production is accompanied by substantial emissions, including cement dust, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, heavy metals, chlorides, and fluorides, which contribute to air pollution, smog formation, acid rain, and reduced air transparency. The main factors exacerbating this impact include outdated equipment, insufficient implementation of modern purification technologies, and non-compliance with environmental standards. The chapter highlights the need for production modernization, the introduction of efficient pollutant capture methods, and stricter environmental control to minimize environmental damage and protect public health. The second chapter presents the characteristics of the research object, the natural environment surrounding PJSC Ivano-Frankivskcement, and the methods used to analyze its technogenic impact. It provides a detailed description of the geological, climatic, hydrological, and soil conditions of the area, which influence the dispersion of pollutants and environmental risks. The historical development, strategic location, production processes, and major sources of emissions, including dust, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and carbon compounds, are outlined. Existing measures to reduce harmful emissions are reviewed, including the use of high-efficiency gas-cleaning equipment, process monitoring, and compliance with environmental regulations. The study evaluates technical and organizational methods for predicting and mitigating the plant’s impact on air quality, such as sealing production processes, implementing advanced filtration systems, and optimizing technology. The assessment of atmospheric pollution levels by particulate matter PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 in the plant’s impact zone was conducted through 24-hour measurements at two monitoring points - Kluziw and Yamnytsia - with the obtained data used for calculating the Air Quality Index (AQI). The third chapter investigates the impact of the cement industry on air quality, particularly the dispersion of fine cement dust, and develops a mathematical model for predicting dust concentrations in residential areas. The main emission sources and factors influencing dust dispersion are analyzed, and improvements to dust collection equipment are proposed, reducing dust emissions by 10 - 15%. The model enables an effective assessment of technogenic loads, considering meteorological conditions and topography, and facilitates the development of measures to reduce pollution. A statistical evaluation of the proposed mathematical model for enhancing environmental safety in areas adjacent to cement plants is conducted using the least squares method, allowing for the application of a regression model for cement dust dispersion in the atmosphere. Additional real-world factors - such as wind direction, humidity, temperature, and atmospheric stability - can be incorporated into the model for more precise pollution diffusion predictions. The fourth chapter provides recommendations for ecosystem monitoring in the impact zone of PJSC Ivano-Frankivskcement and the modernization of dust collection systems to minimize negative environmental impacts. The principles of systematic, adaptive, and long-term monitoring are outlined, emphasizing the integration of modern technologies. The study proposes the enhancement of dust collection systems using combined purification methods, ensuring the efficient capture of fine cement dust while improving environmental safety and economic efficiency. The design of the new equipment not only reduces emissions by 10 - 15% but also allows for the collection of high-quality fine fractions for use in concrete production, thus enhancing product quality. Keywords: cement industry, fine particulate matter, air pollution, mathematical model, ecosystem monitoring, dust collection equipment, natural environment.
