Cherevatenko H. Increasing the efficiency of the plough unit functioning by improving traction and coupling properties

Scientific novelty of the study. For the first time, the relationship between the traction and energy indicators of an all-wheel drive wheeled tractor with the geometric parameters of the frame was established; for the first time, the dependencies of the traction and energy indicators of the functioning of an all-wheel drive wheeled tractor as part of an arable MTA were determined, taking into account the differential locking modes. The calculation of the theoretical traction characteristic of the tractor, which takes into account the geometric parameters of the frame and transmission design, has been improved. The purpose of the study: to increase the efficiency of the plough unit by improving traction and energy indicators through the substantiation of the geometric parameters of the frame and the locking modes of tractor differentials. To achieve this goal, it was envisaged to solve the following tasks: to analyze methods and means by improving the traction and energy indicators of arable MTAs; to theoretically investigate the influence of geometric parameters of the tractor frame on the traction and energy indicators of arable MTA; to conduct a theoretical analysis of the influence of the dynamics of locked differentials on the traction and energy indicators of the arable MTA; to substantiate the structure and algorithm of functioning of the measuring system for the dynamics and energy of arable MTA; experimentally prove the adequacy of the developed mathematical model of MTA dynamics, taking into account the dynamics of the transmission. Object of research: the process of movement of the MTA, its connection with the dynamic processes occurring in the transmission and the geometric parameters of the tractor frame. Subject of research: regularities of influence of geometric parameters of the frame and differential locking modes on the dynamic and traction and energy indicators of an all-wheel drive wheeled tractor as part of an arable MTA. The dissertation provides a theoretical generalization and a new solution of the scientific and applied problem, which is manifested in improving the traction and coupling properties of a tractor as part of a ploughing machine-tractor unit by substantiating the design parameters of the tractor and operating modes. This made it possible to increase the efficiency of the plough unit through the use of locked differentials and modernization of the tractor frame. A generalization of well-known studies has established that the problem of increasing the efficiency of the plough unit by increasing the traction properties of a wheeled tractor remains unsolved. It has been established that an increase in the energy intensity of tractors does not lead to a proportional increase in traction indicators due to the influence of transmission structures and differentials. A scientific and applied problem aimed at increasing the efficiency of the operation of the swing unit by improving the traction and coupling properties by substantiating the design parameters of the tractor frame and differential locking modes has been solved. Mathematical modeling of the functioning of the swing MTA substantiates the relationship between the design parameters of the tractor frame and the differential locking modes on the traction-energy and dynamic indicators of the unit. The justification of the parameters of the tractor as part of the arable MTA made it possible to increase the productivity of the unit by 15%, reduce fuel consumption by 14%. Theoretical studies have determined that the trajectories of the tractor half-frames with the differential locked are rectiline. The angles of rotation of the tractor half-frames are 1 = 2 = 0 rad (at  = 5 and  = 10  ). 1 = 0.89 rad; 2 = 0.71 rad (at  = 5); from 1 = 0 rad, 2 = 0.01 rad to 1 = 1.78 rad; 2 = 1.434 rad (at  = 20). It has been established that the tangential traction forces on the front wheels of an all-wheel drive tractor range from 3550 N (at  = 5) to 4250 N ( = 20); for the rear - from 1325N (at  = 5) to 1855 N ( = 20). For the mode of locked differentials, the traction forces on the front wheels of the tractor are 3530 N; rear - 1870 N. According to the results of operational and technological studies of the arable MTA consisting of the KhTZ-17221 tractor and the PLN-5-35 plough, it was found that locking the differentials on the tractor leads to an increase in speed by 5.5%, a decrease in fuel consumption by 0.51 kg/ha. It was determined that the discrepancy between the experimental values of the dynamic and energy parameters of MTA and the theoretical ones does not exceed 11 %. Keywords: tractor, plow, arable machine-tractor unit, dynamics, transmission, differential, frame, distance, traction force, traction and energy indicators, measuring system, experimental research, economic efficiency.