Object of the study – the process of forming a porous structure in carbon electrode materials for energy storage systems. The aim of the dissertation research is to establish correlations between the structure, morphology, and synthesis methods of nanoporous carbon materials and their electrochemical properties in order to optimize energy storage systems. Description of research methodology: To achieve the research goals, complementary methods were employed, including: adsorption porometry, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering, impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, as well as visualization methods and mathematical modeling of experimental results. Special tools and equipment used: Quantachrome Nova 2200e sorbometer, Shimadzu XRD-7000 X-ray diffractometers, Autolab PGSTAT 12/FRA-2 impedance spectrometer, and UZDN-A ultrasonic disperser. Software used during data processing and/or research: Quantachrome NovaWin 11.0, Match, FullProf, 12/FRA-2, MS Excel 2016, OriginPro 8.5. Theoretical and practical results: The results can be used in the development of next-generation electrodes for electrochemical capacitors with enhanced specific capacitance and stability. The proposed approaches to controlling the porous structure and morphology of carbon materials enable the optimization of their texture for specific applications in energy, sorption, and catalytic technologies. The identified patterns of micro- and mesopore formation serve as a foundation for the development of highly efficient hierarchical nanostructured materials for energy storage and conversion systems. Novelty: A comprehensive study of the evolution of micro- and mesoporous structures in activated carbon materials derived from plant-based raw materials, depending on the temperature and duration of thermal activation; A correlation was established between the fractal surface dimension and the porous texture of materials, which determines their adsorption and electrochemical properties; It was found that by regulating activation temperature and duration, the ratio of micro- to mesopores can be controllably modified, forming a hierarchical structure with a high specific surface area; The influence of the type of conductive additive on the specific capacitance characteristics and minimization of internal resistance was identified; A relationship was substantiated between time, thermal activation regime, and the specific energy characteristics of the obtained nanoporous carbon materials. Implementation efficiency is the obtained materials show promising potential for use in devices for the generation and storage of electrical energy. Fields of application is energy, electronics, materials science.
