Nehoda N. Medical waste management using mobile plasma technologies

The dissertation is devoted to solving the scientific and applied problem of improving existing and developing new approaches to waste-free technology for the destruction of hazardous medical waste at the place of its accumulation using plasma-chemical pyrolysis technologies in order to prevent it from entering general municipal and household waste streams and their final accumulation in authorized and unauthorized landfills or dumps. In Chapter 1, according to WHO documents, a health-oriented city (HOC) is defined as a city in which urban development, transport infrastructure planning, architecture, environmental ecology, health care, and education, all policies for the creation and development of services and living conditions are organized to maximize and support the physical, mental, and social health of its residents based on many basic principles. Section 2 assesses the anthropogenic impact of urban ecosystem conditions on the health of the population of Kyiv. The research identified and proved that the creation of a health-oriented urban space is impossible without reducing municipal waste. with particular attention being paid to the problem of medical waste, which is associated with large-scale intrusion and, as a consequence, air, water, and soil pollution, loss of biodiversity, destruction of ecosystems, and more. The methodology for assessing risks to the urban population has been improved, and the use of risk indices for hazardous phenomena in urban ecosystems of a natural and technogenic nature has been proposed. Section 3 analyzes global and domestic technological and environmental experience in the development, creation, and application of plasma arc high-temperature technologies for the disposal of NMW. A study was conducted on the technological, environmental, and operational parameters of a plasma installation for high-temperature plasma-chemical disposal of toxic substances in field conditions in compliance with the sanitary and hygienic requirements of STANAG 2982 “Essential field sanitary requirements.” Standardized NATO standards define a minimum set of sanitary and hygienic rules for military personnel in field conditions. Section 4 of the paper proposes a simplified express method for assessing the energy balance and purification parameters of the final smoke mixture to evaluate the efficiency of the Plazmon-3M plasma unit in determining its energy balance and product mixture purification parameters. The section describes the results of experimental laboratory measurements and factory tests of the Plazmon-3M mobile installation. In particular, it presents the results of research into the operating characteristics of the PUN-1 plasma generator and the results of spectrophotometric measurements of the composition of the mixed solution filtered by a labyrinth liquid filter. The samples were analyzed using an FT-801 spectrophotometer.