Patrii M. High-temperature plasma dynamics in supernova remnants: observable aspects.

Українська версія

Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

State registration number

0826U000144

Thesis Registration Form

0826U000144.pdf

Applicant for

Specialization

  • 104 - Фізика та астрономія

13-02-2026

Specialized Academic Board

PhD 11541

Ivan Franko National University of Lviv

Essay

The thesis is focused on the analysis of X-ray observations of supernova remnants (SNRs) and the study of the dynamics of their high-temperature plasma based on observable characteristics. A detailed spatially resolved spectral analysis of X-ray emission was performed for several young SNRs using high-resolution observations from the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Data processing and spectral modeling were performed using the CIAO, Sherpa, and SAOImage-DS9 software packages, providing a comprehensive analysis of the observations. The emission properties and plasma structure of different components in these remnants were systematically investigated for the first time. This approach allows tracing spatial variations in the properties of stellar ejecta and identifying local physical conditions that play an important role in the overall remnant dynamics, as well as reconstructing the internal structure of the progenitor star and the conditions of the supernova explosion. The observational data analysis was performed for Tycho’s SNR (SN 1572) and Kepler’s SNR (SN 1604), which belong to the class of young Type Ia SNRs and serve as key objects for studying explosion mechanisms and the properties of stellar ejecta. For Tycho’s SNR, maps were constructed in photon energy ranges corresponding to the two brightest X-ray emission lines of silicon (Si) and sulfur (S). Thermal and synchrotron emission components were extracted and analyzed from small regions across the entire remnant. Based on Doppler shifts, two-dimensional velocity distributions along the line of sight were obtained for Si- and S-riched plasma, revealing significant anisotropy in the ejecta. Our results for the first time indicate differences in the dynamics of various plasma components and confirm the non-isotropic nature of the supernova explosion, as well as a possible deviation from the idealized layered structure of the progenitor star. For Kepler’s SNR, the main focus is placed on Doppler velocity maps of the X-ray emission lines of Si, S, and Fe. It is shown for the first time that Kepler’s SNR exhibits a pronounced asymmetry in the expansion of different plasma components: the Fe-rich ejecta are predominantly blueshifted, while the Si-rich components display more complex kinematics. This may indicate mixing of elements within the progenitor star, the asphericity of the explosion, and specific features of the interaction between the shock, stellar ejecta, and the interstellar medium. Based on X-ray and radio observations, a map of the maximum energies of electrons in Tycho’s SNR was constructed for the first time. By combining X-ray and radio data, it was shown that electrons in this remnant reach energies up to 8 TeV, with an average value of 2.6 ± 0.9 TeV. These estimates are important for modeling particle acceleration and for comparison with theoretical predictions of the maximum electron energies in young SNRs. The evolution of X-ray and gamma-ray emission from young shell-type SNRs - SN 1987A, Cassiopeia A, Tycho, and SN 1006 - was investigated. For the first time, it was demonstrated that the emission fluxes from Tycho’s SNR and Cassiopeia A remain stable on a twenty-year timescale. In contrast, a significant increase in X-ray brightness is observed in the very young remnant SN 1987A. The obtained results make it possible to identify characteristic similarities and differences in various types of emission among different objects and to assess the evolutionary properties of remnants of different types.

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Research papers

1. Patrii M., Petruk O. Spatially resolved X-ray spectra of the remnant of Kepler supernova. Journal of Physical Studies, 19 May, (2025) 29(2), 2901. (Scopus, Q3). https://doi.org/10.30970/jps.29.2901

2. Petruk O.,Patrii M., Kuzyo T., Baldyniuk A., Marchenko V., Beshley V. Three-dimensional velocity fields in the silicon-and sulfur-reach ejecta in the remnant of Tycho supernova. Journal of Physical Studies, 6 Mar., (2025) 29(1), 1901. (Scopus, Q3). https://doi.org/10.30970/jps.29.1901

3. Petruk O., Kuzyo T., Patrii M., Chomiuk L., Arias M., Miceli M., Orlando S., Bocchino F. Evidence of Gradients of Density and Magnetic Field in the Remnant of Tycho’s Supernova. The Astrophysical Journal, 26 Aug., (2024) 972(1), 63. (Scopus, Q1). https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad62ff

4. Petruk O., Beshley V., Marchenko V., Patrii M. GeV light curves of young supernova remnants. Journal of Physical Studies, 18 Sep., (2020) 24(3), 3903. (Scopus, Q4). https://doi.org/10.30970/jps.24.3903

5. M. Patrii, O. Petruk. Spatially resolved X-ray spectral analysis of Si-, S-, and Fe-rich ejecta components in the Kepler supernova remnant // Book of Abstracts. International Conference in part of the Science Day in Ukraine dedicated to the 180th anniversary of the Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, and to the 120th anniversary of the birth of Professor Serhiy Vsekhsvjatsky, p. 41, 27-30 May, 2025. - Kyiv, Ukraine.

6. O. Petruk, T. Kuzyo, M. Patrii. Deciphering the properties of turbulence in the ejecta of young supernova remnants // Workshop “Exploring Supernova11 Remnants Physics in the Lab”, 3-7 March, 2025. - Leiden, Lorentz Center, the Netherlands.

7. M. Patrii, O.Petruk. X-ray spectral analysis of Si-, S- and Fe-rich ejecta components in the remnant of Kepler supernova // Рiздвянi дискусiї 2024. Програма i тези доповiдей. ст. 14. 26-28 грудня, 2024. - Львiв.

8. T. Kuzyo, O. Petruk, M. Patrii. The analysis of ejecta structure in Tycho’s and Kepler’s SNRs // Рiздвянi дискусiї 2024. Програма i тези доповiдей. ст. 7. 26-28 грудня, 2024. - Львiв.

9. M. Patrii, O.Petruk. Spatially resolved X-ray spectra of the remnant of Kepler supernova // Abstracts Book. Current Problems in Astronomy and Astrophysics. p. 97. 23-26 september, 2024. - Lviv.

10. O. Petruk, T. Kuzyo, M. Patrii, M. Miceli, S. Orlando, F. Bocchino. Density and magnetic field gradients in Tycho SNR // Supernova remnants III: An odyssey in space after stellar death. p. 19. 9-15 June. 2024. - Chania, Greece.

11. М. Патрiй. Властивостi еволюцiї рентгенiвських зображень залишка SN1987A // Програма звiтної наукової конференцiї унiверситету за 2022 рiк. ст. 117. 6-7 лютого, 2023. - Львiв.

12. M. Patrii. Dopplerography of the Tycho supernovae remnant // Abstracts of Participants. R̊AC International Summer School 2022. X-rays and Neutrons for a Sustainable Future. Advanced Materials, Climate Crisis, Human Health. p. 38. 14-21 Aug. 2022. - Varberg, Sweden.

13. M. Patrii, O. Petruk. Dopplerography of the Tycho supernova remnant // Program and abstracts. Workshop on current problems in physics. p. 14-15. 25-27 october, 2021. - Lviv.

14. M. Patrii, O. Petruk. Doppler maps of the Tycho Brahe supernova remnant // Program and abstracts. Astronomy at Lviv University. p. 112-113. 14 -17 september, 2021. - Lviv.

15. O. Petruk, V. Marchenko, T. Kuzyo, M. Patrii, Toward a reconstruction of 3-D morphology of Tycho SNR // Astronomy and Space Physics in the Kyiv University, International conference. Book of Abstracts. p. 27. 27 - 29 may, 2020. - Kyiv.

16. В. Бешлей, О. Петрук, В. Марченко, М. Патрiй, Кривi блиску в гамма- дiапазонi молодих залишкiв наднових // Рiздвянi дискусiї 2020. Тези доповiдей. Журнал фiзичних дослiджень, 2020, т.24, N.1, id.1998-6. https://physics.lnu.edu.ua/jps/2020/1/pdf/1998-12.pdf. 9-10 сiчня 2020. - Львiв.

17. М. Патрiй. Чисельне моделювання спектрiв залишку наднової Тихо // Конференцiя молодих учених ’Пiдстригачiвськi читання - 2019’, 27 -29 травня 2019 р. - Львiв.

18. M. Patrii, O. Petruk. Analysis of the structure of Tycho SNR as from observations of Chandra Observatory // Abstracts. International Conference of Students and Young Scientists on Theoretical and Experimental Physics ’HEUREKA-2019’. 14-16 may, 2019. - Lviv.

19. M. Patrii, O. Petruk, T. Kuzyo. Evolution of the structure of Tycho SNR as from observations in the X-ray range // Abstracts. 26th Open Young Scientists’ Conference on Astronomy and Space Physics. 22-27 april, 2019. - Kyiv.

20. M. Patrii, D. Koval, V. M. Firman. Protection of personnel in the conditions of work at the laser ranging station of the Astronomical Observatory of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv // Collection of scientific materials of the XXV International scientific-practical Internet conference el-conf.com.ua. Scientific results of 2018. Part 6. 17 december, 2018. - Vinnitsa.

21. M. Patrii, O. Petruk. Role of the magnetic field in the interaction of a strong shock with accretion disk // Abstracts. International Conference of Students and Young Scientists on Theoretical and Experimental Physics ’HEUREKA-2018’. 15-17 may, 2018. - Lviv.

22. M. Patrii, O. Petruk, T. Kuzyo. MHD simulations of the interaction of the strong shock with accretion disk // Abstracts. 25th Open Young Scientists’ Conference on Astronomy and Space Physics. 23-28 april, 2018. - Kyiv.

23. M. Патрiй, O. Петрук. Математичне моделювання еволюцiї iнжекцiї електронiв у залишку наднової SN1987A // Конференцiя молодих учених ’Пiдстригачiвськi читання - 2017’, 23-25 травня 2017 р. - Львiв.

24. M. Patrii, O. Petruk. Evolution of electron injection efficiency in SN1987A // Abstracts. International Conference of Students and Young Scientists on Theoretical and Experimental Physics ’HEUREKA-2017’. 16-18 may, 2017. - Lviv.

25. M. Patrii, O. Petruk. Evolution of electron injection efficiency in SN1987A. // Abstracts. 24th Open Young Scientists’ Conference on Astronomy and Space Physics. 24-29 april, 2017. - Kyiv.

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Files

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