The dissertation is devoted to the substantiation and evaluation of the effectiveness of health-enhancing fitness programs of different orientations for correcting disorders in the functional state of the cardiovascular system, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and the state of the gut microbiome in women with metabolic syndrome.
The aim of the study was to substantiate and evaluate the effectiveness of health-enhancing fitness programs of different orientations in correcting disorders in the functional state of the cardiovascular system, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and gut microbiome in women with metabolic syndrome.
The object of the study was the functional state of women in the second period of adulthood with metabolic syndrome and its adaptive changes under the influence of health-enhancing fitness programs.
Research methods included analysis of scientific literature, questionnaires, physiological and morphometric methods, molecular genetic and biochemical investigations, and methods of mathematical statistics.
The scientific novelty lies in the fact that systemic relationships between the parameters of autonomic regulation of heart rate, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and the structural and functional characteristics of the gut microbiome in women with metabolic syndrome were established for the first time; statistically significant associations between the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiota and heart rate variability parameters were identified; it was proven that aerobic and resistance health-enhancing fitness programs induce differentiated adaptive changes in the metabolic profile, autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system, and the gut microbiome; the feasibility of using heart rate variability parameters as sensitive functional markers of early positive changes in metabolic status and microbiome-mediated adaptation was substantiated.
The results of the dissertation research showed that women with metabolic syndrome demonstrate sympathetic dominance of autonomic regulation, impaired glycemic control, atherogenic changes in the lipid profile, abdominal obesity, and alterations in the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiome. Significant relationships were found between the level of insulin resistance, indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, heart rate variability parameters, and microbiome composition. It was shown that resistance exercise is more strongly associated with improvement in glycemic control and insulin resistance, whereas aerobic exercise has a more pronounced positive effect on the lipid profile and certain characteristics of the gut microbiome. Positive metabolic changes were found to be consistent with a reduction in sympathetic dominance and an enhancement of vagally mediated mechanisms of heart rate regulation.
The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the development of scientifically grounded approaches to the personalization of health-enhancing fitness programs for women with metabolic syndrome, taking into account the characteristics of the metabolic profile, autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system, and the state of the gut microbiome. The results of the study may be used in the practical work of physicians, specialists in physical therapy, rehabilitation, and health-enhancing fitness, as well as in higher education institutions of medical and biological profile.
