Volianiuk A. Psychological features of the proactivity manifestation of future technical specialists

The dissertation is devoted to the study of the psychological features of the proactivity manifestation of future technical specialists. The theoretical foundations of the psychological phenomenon of proactivity, its attributive characteristics and structural organization are considered. The main attention is focused on identifying the specifics of the manifestations of the cognitive, affective-motivational and volitional components of proactivity of future engineers, as well as on clarifying the main and additional resources that determine its development. The choice of specific methods was determined by the features of understanding the phenomenon under study. In the context of this study, proactivity was considered as a personality trait, which led to the choice of a psychodiagnostic method as the main one. It has been empirically established that the psychological features of the manifestation of the cognitive component of proactivity of future technical specialists consist in the complementary nature of the development of its indicators, which complement each other. Comparison of the average values of the cognitive component of proactivity in the subjects, differentiated by specialty, revealed trend differences only on the scale of «autonomy in decision-making». In future engineers, this indicator is lower compared to future specialists in social studies. Comparative analysis of the percentage distribution of data revealed statistically significant differences in the levels of development of individual indicators of the cognitive component of proactivity. The results of calculating the average values according to the descriptors of the affective-motivational component of proactivity of future technical specialists indicate the contradictory nature of their manifestation, when individual indicators can both reinforce and restrain each other. A comparative analysis of the results of diagnosing the affective-motivational component of proactivity of future specialists of technical and social studies profiles showed that the average values of most indicators in both groups are within the low and medium values, while the desire to avoid failure and realistic self-esteem dominate. It was found that the psychological features of the manifestation of the volitional component of proactivity of future technical specialists are at sufficient level of development of most of its descriptors. The internal locus of control was detected only in one of the seven situationally specific areas – in the area of achievements, while in other areas of life the external localization of control dominates in the studied subjects. Factor analysis of the structural configuration of proactivity revealed a 9-factor model in future technical specialists and an 11-factor model in future social studies specialists, reflecting the complexity and multifaceted nature of this psychological phenomenon. Based on the analysis, two types of proactivity were identified: «preventive», inherent in future technical specialists, which is based on logical forms of anticipation and motivation to avoid failures, and «reflective», characteristic of future social studies specialists, which combines deep reflection with volitional self-regulation. For the first time in the study of psychological resources, the CHAID method was applied, which made it possible to identify the determining and auxiliary predictors of proactivity, to determine the hierarchy of their influence and nonlinear relationships. The analysis showed that «creativity» as a meta-resource is a determining predictor of a high level of development of the cognitive component of proactivity of future engineers. It was established that the determining predictor of the affective-motivational component of proactivity is the existential-semantic resource «desire for wisdom». It was found that the determining predictor of a high level of development of the volitional component of proactivity is «knowledge of one’s own resources». The results obtained indicate that the development of proactivity of future engineers is possible only under the condition of simultaneous actualization of determining and auxiliary psychological resources. Keywords: personality, proactivity, psychological features, components of proactivity (cognitive, affective-motivational, volitional), determinants, internal resources, anticipation, reflection, forecasting, motivational tendency, beliefs, self-esteem, locus of control, CHAID analysis, future technical specialists.