In this dissertation, based on modern instrumental, laboratory and statistical research methods, the tone of the autonomic nervous system, changes in biochemical and morphological blood parameters in cows and milk productivity under the influence of nanoaquachelates were established.
To study the effect of nanoaquachelate feed additives on cow productivity, six groups of animals were formed, with four individuals in each group. The animals were selected using a variational-pulse rate study, on the basis of which three groups were formed: normotonics, sympathotonics and vagotonics, each of which was divided into a control and an experimental group. The experimental groups of animals were given a feed supplement based on a nanopreparation of microelements Mg, Zn, Ge and Fe at a dose of 10 ml per day with the following content (mg/day): Mg – 50 mg/day, Zn – 50 mg/day, Ge – 10 mg/day and Fe – 20 mg/day.
The experimental part of the work was carried out at the farm of LLC «Molochni Riki», village of Opilsko, Sheptytskyi district, Lviv region. A total of 381 Ukrainian Black-and-White cows from the milking herd were housed in stalls on a wooden floor with loose bedding in a free-range system. The animals were aged 1.5–5 years and weighed 550–650 kg. The animals are fed twice a day, and the feed ration per head is as follows: wheat straw 0.6 kg, alfalfa haylage 5 kg, corn silage 22 kg, compound feed 8 kg, ground corn 1 kg, beet pulp 10 kg.
After forming groups of animals according to the influence of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, the cows were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was fed a feed supplement containing a nanopreparation of trace elements Mg, Zn, Ge and Fe at a dose of 10 ml per day with the following content (mg/day): Mg – 50 mg/day, Zn – 50 mg/day, Ge – 10 mg/day and Fe – 20 mg/day, while the control groups consumed a normal diet.
When comparing milk yields, it was found that in the experimental group of normotonic animals, they increased by 14.1 % compared to the control group of normotonic animals (P<0.01). It is also worth noting that animals with a standard diet had an average milk fat content that was 7 % lower than cows that received a nanoaquachelate feed supplement (P<0.05). It was found that in the experimental group of normotonics, the protein content in milk was 3.5 % higher than in the control group of normotonics (P<0.05).
As a result of assessing milk productivity indicators, it was established that milk yield in the experimental group of sympathotonics was 19.7 % higher than in the control group of sympathotonics (P<0.01). Cows with sympathotonics that were fed a standard diet had a 3.7 % lower fat content in milk compared to those that received an additional feed supplement of nanoaquachelate (P<0.05). The control group of sympathotonics had 2.8 % lower protein content compared to the experimental group of sympathotonics (P<0.05).
According to data obtained after studying the milk productivity of cows with vagotonia, it was determined that in the experimental group of vagotonics, milk yield was on average 21.6 % higher than in the control group of vagotonics (P<0.01). It was found that the fat content in the milk of animals that consumed the feed supplement was 5.3 % higher than in those that had a standard diet (P<0.05). It is also worth noting that the protein content in the milk of cows in the control group of wagotonics was 2.3 % lower than in the experimental group of wagotonics (P<0.05).
A study was also conducted on the interdependence of biochemical analysis indicators and milk productivity with the tone of the autonomic nervous system. In the vast majority of cases, the data that differed between the control and experimental groups correlated with the indicators of the pulsometric study. The reliability of the correlation analysis was confirmed by a one-factor dispersion analysis.
The results of the study revealed a positive effect of the nanoaquachelate feed supplement on the indicators of biochemical and morphological blood analysis and milk productivity in cows. It should be noted that the division of animals into groups according to the tone of the autonomic nervous system was an additional factor in the better assessment of the effectiveness of the modified diet. This was based on the fact that the results obtained when comparing the experimental and control groups were quite accurate, as evidenced by low Student's t-coefficients and one-factor dispersion analysis. It is also worth noting that it was precisely thanks to the division of animals according to the tone of the autonomic nervous system that the assessment of metabolic changes in the body was better performed, since the state of the sympathetic-vagal balance has a significant effect on metabolism, as the autonomic nervous system is the first to respond to any changes in the external environment.
