In order to treat and prevent the progression of enteral insufficiency syndrome, we used a probe for intestinal intubation with a guide and an LED developed in the clinic for intestinal intubation in 29 cases of patients in the study group. At the same time, enterolavage, enterosanation and early postoperative tube feeding were performed according to the developed methodology in the following sequence: enteral lavage with 0.9% sodium chloride solution in an amount of 400 ml 3 times a day; introduction of energy mixtures into the lumen of the small intestine in a daily dose of 15 ml/kg; blocking of the tube channel, after which the tube is opened for passive outflow of contents. Experimental studies were performed on 80 white non-linear rats of both sexes, weighing from 180 to 220 g, which were used to simulate mild, moderate and severe peritonitis according to the methodology developed in the clinic. For the study, samples of optically thin histological sections of the small intestine of rats with different severity of peritonitis were used. Experimental measurement of coordinate distributions of the magnitude of phase shifts was carried out in the location of the laser micropolarimeter. The method for diagnosing the severity of experimental abdominal sepsis is implemented in the Python language in the program "Neuro_med_25" using the Google Colab cloud platform. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used for diagnostics. The parameters of the studied samples (biological preparations) were fed to the ANN inputs, and the values of the severity of sepsis were predicted by the output of the neural network. That is, with the help of ANN, the task of regression analysis was solved, which establishes the relationship between the parameters of the samples and the severity of sepsis. In addition, we conducted morphostructural studies to study the anatomical prerequisites for the spread of the infectious-inflammatory process, the translocation of microbes and their toxins, as well as clinical and anatomical substantiation was carried out on 35 cadavers and organ complexes of human fetuses without visual signs of congenital developmental pathology. Since the ways of spreading infectious processes through the peritoneal cavity depend on the topography and structure of its recesses and sacs and their connection with each other, it becomes clear that the peritoneum takes a direct part in creating conditions for the prevention or occurrence of abdominal compartment syndrome. To understand and predict the variants of the direction and speed of spread of such processes, we investigated the features of the formation and morphological variability of the peritoneal cavity relief at different stages of ontogenesis. At the same time, we found wide variations in the obtained morphometric parameters. This indicates the need for a more thorough study of the anatomical structure of a particular patient, by using visualization methods (ultrasound, CT, MRI, diagnostic laparoscopy, etc.) in order to require a more extensive and thorough revision of the peritoneal cavity during surgical interventions, even in the case of a severe general condition of patients and risks from surgery and anesthesia. In patients of the main group, on the second postoperative day, intraperitoneal pressure decreased compared to patients of the control group to 11.90±1.82 and 16.0±1.44 (p < 0.05), respectively. The same trend was observed on the fifth, seventh, ninth and twelfth days of the study. And so, by the twelfth day, the intraperitoneal pressure in patients of the main group decreased by 3.1±0.29 cm H2O, while maintaining a gap with the indicators of patients of the comparison group with a significance level of p<0.01. Biochemical indicators of urea and creatinine also varied with a tendency: in patients of the main group they significantly decreased starting from the seventh postoperative day to 68.2±1.29mmol/l and 89.3±3.12μmol/l, respectively, and were significantly lower in comparison with identical indicators of patients of the control group (p<0.05). And most importantly, patients of the main group noted an improvement in their general condition: manifestations of intestinal discomfort disappeared from the third day, peristalsis was restored on the 3rd day, gases began to leave after 3.5±0.3 days. In patients of the control group, these indicators differed by 4.2±0.6 and 4.5±0.3 days (p>0.05), respectively. Thus, the developed algorithm for complex surgical treatment of patients with enteral dysfunction/insufficiency syndrome, depending on its stage of development in abdominal sepsis, allowed to reduce the mortality rate from 15.12% to 7.91%, and reduce the duration of patients' stay in the hospital from 35.05±3.10 to 23.32±2.54 bed-days.
