Shatalov S. etermination of molecular markers of structural and functional impairments in the intestinal system of broiler chickens

The aim of the work is to establish the physiological and molecular biological mechanisms of the influence of GFA-B on the intestinal barrier function, immunoinflammatory response, structural and functional organization of the microbiome, metabolic adaptation and productivity of broiler chickens with the justification of its use as a means of increasing resistance and efficiency of cultivation. The object of the study is the intestinal system of broiler chickens and its functional state under the action of GFA-B. The subject of the research is the influence of GFA-B on the intestinal barrier function, immunoinflammatory response, structural and functional organization of the microbiome and metabolic adaptation of broiler chickens. Research methods. clinical-physiological, microbiological, morphological, biochemical and physicochemical methods (spectrophotometry, photocolorimetry, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), molecular genetic (PCR, sequencing) and immunochemical methods (immunoblotting), statistical. Scientific novelty of the results obtained. For the first time, based on a comprehensive assessment of molecular, microbiological and physiological and biochemical indicators, the effect of GFA-B administration on the functional state of the intestinal system was established, which is manifested by strengthening the intestinal barrier function, optimizing the immunoinflammatory response and forming a stable microbial ecosystem of broiler chickens. For the first time, molecular mechanisms of regulation of intestinal barrier-immune homeostasis with the participation of GFA-B were studied, in particular, dynamic modulation of the expression and content of molecular markers in the intestine of broiler chickens. For the first time, the formation of an integrated network of functional relationships between markers of the barrier and immunoinflammatory links of the intestine under the action of GFA-B was established, which indicates an increase in the coherence of regulatory processes. For the first time, a comprehensive integral assessment of the functional state of the intestine was proposed and conducted using the BII, IAI, FIBS and BIBI indices, which allowed quantitatively characterizing the shift in the barrier-immune balance. It was shown that the use of GFA-B causes a directed restructuring of the intestinal microbiome, which is characterized by a decrease in the proportion of pathobionts and an enrichment of butyrate-producing bacteria, which is accompanied by an increase in resistance, metabolic adaptation and productivity of broiler chickens. Practical significance of the results obtained. The results of the studies have fundamental and applied significance for assessing the functional state of the intestinal system of broiler chickens by establishing the patterns of modulation of the intestinal barrier function, immunoinflammatory response and structural and functional organization of the microbiome in the jejunum and cecum. The obtained data on the effect of GFA-B administration to broiler chickens during the technological cycle on the intestinal barrier function, microbiome, general resistance and metabolic adaptation can be used by biologists, physiologists, biochemists and poultry specialists in conducting scientific research and developing new approaches to increasing the resistance of the poultry organism. An approach to minimizing the use of antibacterial drugs in poultry farming has been developed, which involves the use of GFA-B and ensures increased livestock safety, improved feed conversion and increased average daily body weight gains of broiler chickens. The main provisions of the dissertation work have been implemented in scientific work and are used in scientific research of the Department of System Bioengineering in Animal Husbandry of the Institute of Climate-Oriented Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, as well as in the educational process of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University when teaching the disciplines "Animal Physiology", "Physiology of Farm Animals", "Clinical Biochemistry of Animals", "Animal Pathophysiology", "Veterinary Dietetics".