The dissertation work is devoted to the scientific substantiation and practical assessment of the effectiveness of using multicomponent (complex) preparations in the technology of growing winter wheat in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine.
The aim of the work was to establish the features of the formation of grain productivity of winter wheat depending on the combination of mineral nutrition backgrounds with multicomponent preparations and to assess varietal differences in the response to technological schemes. The object of the study was soft winter wheat crops, the subject - indicators of autumn development, elements of the crop structure and grain yield under different options for fertilization and the use of multicomponent preparations. Field studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods with the assessment of autumn biometric indicators (weight of 100 absolutely dry plants, height, number of stems, number of nodal roots, depth of tillering node), determination of the quality of plant overwintering and plant condition after overwintering, crop structure (density of plants and productive stem, weight of grain per ear, weight of 1000 seeds) and grain yield with conversion to one hundred percent purity and standard moisture of 14%. The experiment compared 10 options, including control, mineral nutrition backgrounds (P10 at sowing; full NPK background main application) and N30 top dressing on frozen soil, as well as the use of Vitastar, Antistress, Polyamide, Defense and the NewPlant iQ line (NEO, Stimulin, UNI) in different phases of development.
It was established that the highest indicators of autumn plant development were formed under the full NPK background: the mass of 100 absolutely dry plants increased to 4.7–4.8 g versus 2.7 g in the control, the height – up to 13.7–14.3 cm versus 11.4 cm, the number of nodal roots – up to 1.8–1.9 pcs. (in the control – 0), and the depth of the tillering node was 0.8–1.0 cm. This created the prerequisites for better overwintering and the formation of a productive stem. In the elements of the crop structure on the background of NPK in combination with multicomponent preparations, the mass of grain per ear increased (up to 0.98 g versus 0.55 g in the control) and the mass of 1000 seeds (up to 36.9–38.5 g), which reflected the improvement of the conditions for filling and filling the grain.
According to the average yield indicators, a clear dependence of the effectiveness of the preparations on the background nutrition was established. The maximum values were formed on the background of complete mineral fertilizer in combination with the Vitastar + Antistress + Polyamide complex: 3.93 t/ha in the Mudrist Odeska variety and 4.16 t/ha in the Kalidon variety, which corresponded to an increase compared to the control by 1.88 t/ha (91.7%) and 2.19 t/ha (111.2%), respectively. High yields were also obtained on the background of NPK + N30 without additional preparations (3.90 and 3.79 t/ha). With the minimum background of P10 + N30, the yield was 3.65 and 3.88 t/ha; adding a complex of preparations on this background increased the result to 3.68 and 3.98 t/ha. Variants where mainly preparations without sufficient mineral background were used, on average, did not provide a significant increase in yield and in some schemes caused a decrease relative to the control. A comparison of years showed a significant decrease in yield in 2025 compared to 2024, which reflected increased abiotic stress; under such conditions, basic mineral nutrition remained the determining factor, while multicomponent preparations increased primarily the stability of the realization of productive potential and the efficiency of applied fertilizer doses.
The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive assessment of the interaction of mineral nutrition backgrounds and multicomponent preparations on plant growth and development indicators, the formation of elements of the yield structure and productivity of winter wheat, as well as in identifying varietal features of the response to technological schemes in the conditions of the Northern Steppe. The practical significance of the results lies in substantiating the feasibility of using multicomponent preparations as a component of an integrated fertilization system in the presence of sufficient NPK supply. For production implementation, schemes are recommended that combine a full background of mineral nutrition and top dressing N30 with the Vitastar + Antistress + Polyamide complex, and with a limited background - P10 + N30 with the addition of a complex of drugs.
