Bokotey O. Ecological Peculiarities of Wild Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of the Ukrainian Carpathians

The thesis focuses on the investigation of ecological peculiarities of species groups of wild bees, specifically trophic links, season activity, number, spread and structure of Hymenoptera, Apoidea species groups in natural and damaged ecosystems of the Ukrainian Carpathians. It has been revealed that the flying activity of every species of wild bees is significantly influenced by the landscape and climate conditions of the vertical-landscape belt. For all the species of wild bees found in the territory of Ukrainian Carpathians the range of fodder crops has been defined. Both the vertical and biotopical distributions of the wild bees in the bound of vertical-landscape belt of Ukrainian Carpathians are determined. It has been defined, that the lessening of the species variety of wild bees in relation to height gradient is characteristic of both natural and damaged ecosystems of the region under consideration and directly depends on the height gradient and anthropogenic loading. The dependence between the species spread in the area and the general level of its number has been determined.