Kirilenko N. Morfo-functional characteristics of development of egg cell and zygote of some angiosperms

Object of investigation: egg cell and zygote of T. durum, T. aestivum, S. сereale and H. annuus, as representatives most evolutional the advanced families one and dicotyledons plants. The purpose of research: to investigate laws of changes of volumes of a cell, a nucleus and nucleolus and their ratio in development egg cell and zygotes at representatives of families of cereals and compositae and to establish structurally functional features of these cells on the basis morfometrical parameters. Methods of research: castration, pollination, temporal fixing, preparation of constant microlanguid preparations, morfometry, cytochemistry, variation-statistical processing. Theoretical and practical results: The sizes of diameters of cell, nucleus and nucleolus of T. durum, T. aestivum, S. сereale and H. annuus zygote during its maturation have been measured; also the value of nucleus-to-nucleolus and nucleus-to-cytoplasmic ratio has been determined. Fluctuation of the cell, its nucleus and nucleolus volumes,also the value of nucleus-to-nucleolus and nucleus-to-cytoplasmic ratio during the period zygote maturation were detected. The investigation species is distinguished in zygote volume and it structural components unlike egg cell. The curves, showing percent ratio of these volumes to corre-sponding volumes of the egg cell, have two peaks. Fluctua-tions period of T. durum, T. aestivum and S. сereale are 4-6 hours, and the same period of H. annuus is near one hour. The investigated morfometrical parametrs of zygote are dis-cussed as integral factors of functional condition of zygote development. Cytochemical reactions on albumins and nucleic acids similar in the egg cell and zygote of investigation species. But reaction on store substance-different; starch and lipids were revealed in T. durum, T. aestivu, and S. сereale, and only lipids in H. annuus. Degree of introduction: the data received in work are introduced into educational process of faculty of botany (separate sections of rates which are devoted biology ofindividual development of the investigated kinds and plants embryology. Sphere of use: botany.