Krutilo D. The distributions and ecological features of nodule bacteria of soybean in the different regions of Ukraine

The dissertation is devoted to studying the distribution and ecological features of nodule bacteria of soybean in different soil - climatic zones of Ukraine. It is established, that in the territory of Ukraine the species of bacteria B. japonicum is distributed non-uniformly. The populations of nodule bacteria of soybean are placed locally, irrespective of soil-climatic conditions. Their presence is closely connected to the presence of the host-plant. It is shown, that the populations of soybean rhizobia, the most active on nitrogen-fixing abilities, are present in chernozem soils, rich on organic substance. With the increase in the density of local populations the number of slow-acting strains is grows. It is revealed, that the numerous local populations of soybean rhizobia essentially limit the nodulating and nitrogen-fixing activity of introduction strain B. japonicum 634b. The standard strain provides the quantity increase of root nodules in 1,3-10,0 times and their nitrogen activity in 1,3-2,7 times with not so numerous populations of nodule bacteria on the background. The nodule bacteria of soybean, allocated from the different ecotopes differ according to morphological, cultural, physiological, biochemical and symbiotic properties. For the first time the strains with the intensive growth are revealed among the microsymbiont of soybean. The highly effective strain of nodule bacteria КН10 is allocated from the populations of rhizobia in chernozem soil. This strain is promoted to improvement of nitrate feeds of plants and the increasing grain yield of soybean on 2-4 cnt/hа in comparison with the industrial strain B. japonicum 634b.