Chergina H. Ecotoxicological substantiation of pesticides application under cereal crop growing in Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones of Ukraine

Object - ecotoxicology of means for chemical protection of winter wheat and spring barley in Forest Steppe and Steppe of Ukraine. Aim - ecotoxicological substantiation of application of modern pesticides in integrated system of cereal crops protection in Forest Steppe and Steppe of Ukraine. Methods - field and laboratory experiments were conducted according standard methods, determination of residues of pesticides was performed by physic-chemical methods of analysis (thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography). Novelty - Correlation dependence has been stated of detoxication rate constant (k) and compounds polarity (m). It was proved that the majority of modern insecticides and fungicides which are used for protection of spring barley and winter wheat are low-polar with 4-5 degree of hazard. Pyretroid insecticides belong to no-polar and more hazardous compounds (3-4 degree). Dependence between speed of detoxication of pesticides in plants and their polarity. Use of µ and k for rating and reglamentation of ecologically safe use of pesticides on winter wheat and spring barley in Forest Steppe and Steppe of Ukraine. It was proved that indices of nitrate metabolism (content of nitrates, nitratreductaze activity) and activity of oxidise enzymes correlate with polarity of biologically active compounds. Use of growth regulators (Emistim C) apart and in complex with less polar pesticides in unfavourable years (with water deficit) was theoretically substantiated. Practical results - algorithm has been developed for determination of heteropolar pesticides in winter wheat and spring barley plants and grain which enables modeling the methods of determining pesticide compounds in cereal crops as separately as in mixture. It allows to minimize time and materials for monitoring. Methods for detecting of beta-ciflutrin and pendimetalin in grain, soil and water by methods of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography with sensitivity 0.01-0.001 mg/kg. Ecotoxicological monitoring of pesticides in agrocensys of cereals wasperformed. It was proved that improvement of pesticide assortment is possible with preparations of 4-5 degree of hazard, which efficient with low rates. Sphere of use - agriculture.