Polyakova O. Pathological anatomy of the pancreas of fetuses and neonates from the anemic mothers

Object of the study: Anemia in the pregnant. Purpose of the study: To study the morphofunctional state of exo- and endocrine apparatus of the pancreas in fetuses and newborns from mothers with iron-deficiency anemia. Methods of the study: Macroscopy, organometiy, histological, histochemical, morphometry, immunohistochemical, statistical. Practical significance of the obtained findings: The performed complex investigation of P morphology in fetuses allowed revealing the peculiarities of anemia influence on formation and development of P function in the fetus. The revealed changes and regularities open new aspects of mechanisms of development of exo- and endocrine department of the pancreas both in fetuses and newborns as well as in older children and adults. Based on the findings of the research it was recommended to consider the func-tional state of exo- and endocrine apparatus of the P in the newborns and to distinguish risk groups of endocrinopathy development. Prenatal prevention of fetus impairmentin mothers with anemia allows to avoid development and manifestation of various P pathology in the post-natal development. Novelty of the obtained results: The material of autopsy of dead fetuses and newborns allowed to reveal the changes in the intrauterine P development caused by the presence of anemia in the pregnant. For the first time it was established that anemia during pregnancy was realized by acceleration of intrauterine P development rate, increase in the morphofunctional activity of ?- and ?-cells up to “working” exhaustion and massive death by means of apoptosis. For the first time it was established that light anemia during preganncy caused intrauterine hypertrophy and hyperplasia of ?- and ?-cells of the P with increase in morpho-functional activity.The changes in the described structures in moderate anemia are borderline and are characterized by exhaustion of morpho-functional capabilities of compensatory function increase. Maternal anemia during pregnancy results in disorders in maturationanddifferentiation of P ?- and ?-cells of the fetus which can cause impairment in the organ function in the future. Interrelation between the changes in somatometric parameters of the fetuses and newborns and severity of maternal anemia was revealed. Introduction: The findings of the research were introduced to the work of pathology departments of Kharkiv Regional Clinical Hospital, Dnepropetrivsk Children’s Hospital, Sumy Regional Clinical Hospital, department of children’s pathology of UCSH OHMADET, pathology department of Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 10 as well as teaching process of department of general and pathological anatomy of faculty of fundamental medicine of Kharkiv National University named after V.N. Karasin, department of pathology of Sumy Sate University and Dnepropetrovsk State Medical Academy, department of human morphology of Institute for Ecology and Medicine. Sphere of application: medicine, pathological anatomy