Khimchenko S. Determination of perchlorates in nature water by X-ray spectrometry or visual test method after its sorption preconcentration

Subject of Study: sorption characteristics of polyurethane foam and activated carbon, scale of comparison for test analysis, specimens for X-ray analysis, metrological characteristics of techniques for visual test and X-ray analysis. Objective of Study: sorption from water and water solutions of ionic associate of perchlorate with thionine on the polyurethane foam and metal complexes on the activated carbon, visual test and X-ray analysis of analytical concentrates obtained. Aim of the investigation: investigation of condition of perchlorates sorption preconcentration on polyurethane foam or on activated carbon from nature water and development of methods for its determination in obtained sorbates. Methods of investigation: spectrophotometry, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, visual test analysis, X-ray spectrometry, ionometry, statistical processing of the experimental data. Theoretical and Practical Results and Novelty: For the first time is shown that determination of perchlorates is possible by using test system in form of ionic associates with thionine sorbed on polyurethane foam. A disposition of the colorimetric scale of comparison for visual test analysis on the base of Fibonacci series and comparing of samples is observed by means of comparison scale in front of the background which is adding to sample color promotes increasing of the analysis accuracy. A criterion for sorption properties of activated carbons express estimation that based on proposed 100% sorption method is found. For perchlorates and heavy metals determining in water the two sorts of simple and easy preparing specimens for X-ray fluorescence analysis containing an activated carbon are developed. The conditions for indirect X-ray fluorescence determining of perchlorates in form of ionic associates with thionine sorbed on polyurethane foam are estimated. The efficiency methods of preliminary sorption separation of the interfering humates and anionic surfactants and perchlorates before its determination in water solutions are developed. Practical results and novelty: Sorption-spectroscopic and visual test methods for perchlorates determining in nature water and the method for perchlorates determining by building of visual test scale of comparison on the base of Fibonacci series are proposed and covered by Ukrainian patents for an invention and useful model. The developed techniques for perchlorates determining and specimens preparing on the base of polyvinyl alcohol and activated carbon for X-ray fluorescence analysis are introduced in practical work of analytical chemistry department SSI “Institute for Single Crystals” National Academy of Science. Field of application: analytical chemistry.