Object - the polymorphism of genes associated with economically important traits and variability of cytogenetic indicators of the Large White pigs breed. Purpose - analysis and evaluation of the Large White pigs breed by genes associated with economically important traits and cytogenetic indices. Methods - molecular genetics - the extraction of DNA, determination of it's purity and concentration, amplification of DNA fragments by site-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP), the method of horizontal electrophoresis of DNA in agarose gel; cytogenetics- the cultivation of blood lymphocytes, obtaining cytogenetic preparations, cytogenetic analysis, veterinary practices - the selection of blood through the puncture eye's blood sinus and ear's vein, the selection of the hair roots; statistics - experimental data using modern computer programs, development of diagnostic kits for determining the genotypes of pigs by ESR and MC4R genes. Novelty - for the first time characteristics of genetic analysis of Ukraine populations of the Large White pigs breed was made by cytogenetic characteristics and by 10 genes, which determine the economically useful features. Was determined the genetic structure of Large White pigs breed by genes associated with reproductive traits, growth rates, resistance to colibacteriosis and stress-resistant. The influence ESR and PRLR is interdependent, and the reproductive traits of animal depend's of the combination of genotypes by these genes. Designed rapid test system DNA-diagnosis pigs by ESR and MC4R genes. Result of research - The genetic analysis of Large White pigs breed of Ukraine was made by 10 genes of economically important traits by method PCR RFLP: reproductive traits (genes ESR, PRLR, FSHB), miogenesis (genes MYF4, MyoD1, C-Myc), obesity (MC4R), stress - sensitivity (gene RYR), resistance to infections caused by E.coli (FUT1, MUC4). It was determined the distribution of allelic variants and the influence of genotype on economically important traits of animals with different origins and farm conditions. It was demonstrated the dependence of quantitative indicators of pig productivity from different allelic variants on the example of estrogen receptor and melanokortin4 receptor genes. Cytogenetic analysis of Large White pig breed showed that the parameters of conditional control of the number of cells with micronuclei ranged from 0,58 to 4,1 ‰. The rapid test system DNA-test was proposed for mass screening of pigs by ESR and MC4R genes for improving economically important traits of pigs breeding herd.
