Sovakov A. The windbreaks field-protective effectiveness system in the Right-Bank of the Forest-Steppe Zone.

The investigation is devoted to the study of forest measurement peculiarities of windbreaks and massive stands and single field-protective windbreaks and their systems' variety influence on microclimatic conditions improvement (decrease in wind velocity and snow retention in the fields), soil characteristics improvement and increasing of yields of grain crops, including winter wheat, as basic food crop. Dependence of growth class and height of windbreaks on their construction are determined. An effectiveness of "agronomical" system of windbreaks in wind speed easing and snow retention in the fields is on the average in 1,5 times higher than "ecological" system. This influence is caused by the soil characteristics difference in the single and various windbreaks systems. The windbreaks influence is increasing, when distance between them is shortening. So, the single windbreaks, the "ecological" system and the "agronomical" system have different influence on soil characteristics improvement: integral soil improvement coefficient is 1,18 - 1,22 - 1,35. And their field protection efficiency (in relation to the soil fertility improving) and influence on the field lands increase (the quantity of ecological evenness coefficient diminishes: EC = 2,8 - 2,7 - 1,6). The distribution of grain crop yields structure in system of windbreaks in different distances in "agronomical" system is studied. Grain crop yields in the system of windbreaks increases in 1,3 - 1,5 times. In the "agronomical" system, the increase of winter wheat productivity is in 33 % higher in comparison with control. .