Alioshkina U. Ecosystems of Kyiv city: classification, comparative characteristic and preservation

Dissertation is devoted to classification, description and comparative analysis of different types of Kyiv ecosystems. The classification scheme of natural and transformed ecosystems was composed on the base of EUNIS pan-European classification, their descriptions are given. Twenty five rare habitats were chosen from the 138 types of described ecosystems according to the European conservation documents: Council of Europe Bern Convention Res. No. 4 1996, EU Habitats Directive Annex I and the Green Book of Ukraine (2009). The comparative analysis of 9 main ecosystem types was conducted on the base of production, biomass and respiration indices of their main components. The annual index of productivity (8·1015 J) of natural ecosystems was calculated and revealed, that it is 16 times lesser, then it has to be to assimilate technogenic carbon emissions. The ecosystem losses assessing methodology, which takes into account biomass content and productivity by ecosystems, was used for money penalty calculation for damages of forest ecosystems and their components. H. Odum "emergy" methodology was used for emergy balance evaluation of Kyiv urban ecosystem. It was proved, that Kyiv is subsidized by outside sources of energy on 98%, therefore its natural reservoir amounts to 2% of the total emergy.