Matsiakh I. Pathogens of Norway spruce and silver fir seedlings in Beskidy

Object of the study - the pathogenic organisms of Norway spruce and silver fir seedlings. Subject of the study - the species compositions of pathogenic organisms, their spreading and a negative impact on Norway spruce and silver fir seedlings. Methods: comparative of ecology - for assessing the characteristics of growing plant material in the different forests nurseries; method of soil - for studying the physical and chemical properties of soils; mycological method - for studying the species composition of the pathogens by microscopic characteristics; genetic method - for identification of pathogenic organisms (fungi and Oomycetes); mathematics and statistical methods - for processing and comparing research results. Scientific novelty - is based on the integrated forestry, mycological and molecular-genetic studies in Beskidy Region; for the first time of pathogenic organisms' species of Norway spruce and silver fir seedlings have been detected. In particular, in the soils and affected tissues of seedlings and saplings three species of the Phytophthora genus (Ph. plurivora, Ph. gonapodyides, Ph. lacustris) and three species of the Pythium genus (P. acanthicum, P. torulosum, P. litorale) have been identified for the first time in Ukraine; the possibility of spreading of the rivers and water streams two species of the Phytophthora genus and one specie of the Pythium genus have been revealed; influence of soil conditions on the development of soil algae and the pathogenic organisms of genera Phytophthora, Pythium, Fusarium, Botrytis, Alternaria, Neonectria in the forests nurseries in Beskidy Region have been investigated. It is got further development: methods of diagnosis of pathogenic organisms (fungi and Oomycetes) in the soils of nurseries and plant material; the studying of the influence of growth stimulators and bacterial preparate azohran and the preparates of natural origin on the growth of plant material. Practical significance: a system of measures of the improving sanitary conditions of Norway spruce and silver fir seedlings in the forests nurseries in Beskidy Region has been proposed; the feasibility of using the growth stimulators ivin, emistym C and bacterial preparate azohran on the growth of spruce seedlings has been shown; the stimulating effect the extract of garlic (Allium sativum), decoctions and the extract of nettle (Urtica dioica), the extract of wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris) and the extract of chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) on the growth of spruce seedlings have been detected. The methods of forest observing and diagnosis of pathogenic organisms which introduced into manufacturing and used in practice of the State Specialized Forest Enterprise "Lvivlisozahyst have been improved. Area of using - forestry.