Robulets S. Ecological peculiarities of preservation of protective forests and forest reserves of the Bukovyna Carpathians

The thesis deals with issues of preservation of protective forests and forest reserves of the Bukovyna Carpathians. The thesis describes theoretical and practical solution of scientific problem of preservation of protective forests and forest reserves of the Bukovyna Carpathians by means of their balanced use and consideration of natural and anthropogenic threats as well as of anthropogenic impact on sylvan ecological systems. It has been demonstrated, that due to increasing influence of natural and anthropogenic effects of environmental transformation revision of forest management strategies is required. Cause-and-effect relations of contemporary state of protective forests and forest reserves of the region, decrease of their productivity as well as their structural deterioration have been determined; relevant mistakes in forestry activities have been specified. Suggestions concerning improvement of forest management system, optimization of sylvan structure with special resource management procedures and principles of balanced utilization of the forests have been developed. Factors causing soil degradation in case of massive felling have been determined. New approaches to uniform and gradual felling, securing of integrity of protective forests and forest reserves and preservation of soil covering of mountain-sides are proposed and validated. The issue of expansion of forest areas with special utilization procedures as structural elements of ecological network by means of development of forest reserves has been researched; the scheme of their formation and balancing has been developed. It has been established, that by implementation of proposed scientific and methodological techniques aimed at improvement of structural and functional organization of protective forests and forest reserves as well as of forest management system in compliance with principles and terms of the Carpathian Convention systemic decrease in unfavorable transformation rate of natural landscapes, valuable ecological systems as well as of biological diversity of the mountain region can be achieved. The obtained results contribute to implementation of scientific principles of balanced natural resources use in the field of forest management of the Bukovyna Carpathians. Key words: the Bukovyna Carpathians, protective forests and forest reserves, forest management methods, natural and anthropogenic ecological threats, ecological network, ecological systemic approach, balanced development.