Zaychenko I. Formation of a «Jewish national home» in Palestine 1882-1923.

The thesis is based on a wide array of sources and literature. The process of establishment the «Jewish national home» in Palestine in conditions of emerging the Jewish national modernization concept and transformation of the Middle East territories’ status in the post-ottoman era was analysed in the thesis. In the study a comprehensive analysis of the key steps in the formation of «Jewish national home» in 1882-1923 is carried out as a pre-state form of Jews’ self-organization in Palestine. The author has determined the objective conditions and practices of everyday life of Jews in the diaspora in the last third of the XIX century. This historical background, the growth of anti-Semitism became the impetus for self-reflection and self-identification of Jews between other people and nations. Revealing the transformation of approaches to the solution of the «Jewish question» the author has come to the conclusion that in the second half of the XIX century the national-religious concept of recreating Eretz-Israel based on Bible prophecy, conceded the approach, which was formed on the recognition by Jews their Jewishness. Following the Western European secular Jews, the group of practical Zionists from Russian Empire realized the necessity to (re)-create the Jewish nation politically. State (Political) Zionism is considered to be the most fundamental revolution in the Jewish history: it replaced the traditional consciousness of the Jews as a community for secular - as a nation. The milestone of the diplomatic work of the World Zionist Organization, which was aimed to find a guarantor of charter for the Jews in Palestine between Great States, was also shown. The author comes to conclusion that the Political Zionism depended on Osman Empire before 1917 and on United Kingdom – after 1917. The international political aspect of determine the post-ottoman status of Palestine was analysed due to political goals of the State Zionism. The main strategies of economic and socio-cultural integration of Jewish immigrants into all socio- political processes that took place in the Jewish Yishuv in Palestine under the British mandate were identified and characterized. There were mass and compact groups of Jewish immigrants that came to Holy Land in legal and illegal way during 1882-1923. The agricultural colonization of Palestine was not only the survival strategy of the Jewish immigrants, but also a basis for integration into the labor market in Palestine and rooting Jews in their historical homeland. The author developed the concept of periodization and milestones for the establishment the «Jewish national home» in Palestine in1882-1923.