Druz N. Biomorphology of the muscular and skeletal structures of the hip joint of some species of birds

In the dissertation, on the base of wide comparative anatomical researches of the hip joint of birds, it was found that the principles and features of the skeleton structure, its internal structure and differentiation of the muscles of the hip joint are caused by biomorphological adaptations to the terrestrial statolocomotion, namely the type and speed of movement in a habitat. Interpretations of the causes of the origin of skeletal structures of the hip joint and differentiation of its muscles in different taxonomic groups of birds are given. It is proved that the degree of development of the head of the femoral bone is caused by the direction of disposition of the femur’s muscles and the strength of their tension during performing their functions; the length of the femoral neck is a sign of the maximum step length during rapid terrestrial locomotion; the areas of location of the spongy substance in the femoral bone and in the glenoid cavity of the caxal bone of birds are zones of over functional loads in comparison to the areas which are formed by the thin compact plates; the degree of differentiation of the separate muscles and muscle groups of the hip joint of birds is caused by the type of statolocomotion and peculiarities of the various kinds of manipulation movements in the gravitational field of the Earth.