Karelov A. The polymorphism of the genes conferring resistance against fungi diseases in common wheat cultivars of Ukrainian breeding

The dissertation was dedicated to the inter-specific polymorphism of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). With use of polymerase chain reaction and primers flanking molecular markers cssfr5, SNP12 and ISBP1 of the Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1 gene, csSr2 - of the Sr2/Lr27/Pbc gene that confer resistance against biotrophic phytopathogens and markers fcp623 and fcp394 of the Tsn1 gene, BE444541 - of the Tsc2 gene and INDEL1 of the TDF_076_2D gene that confer resistance against necrotrophic phytopathogens 282 samples of common spring and winter wheat cultivars developed in different climatic zones of Ukraine and on different years were studied. Conditions of the multiplex PCR for the markers SNP12 and ISBP1 and for the co-dominant marker BE444541 were optimized. The marker TDF_076_2D_exsp was designed to evaluate the allelic state of the TDF_076_2D gene according to the exon-localized polymorphisms. It was found out that 53.5% of the common winter wheat cultivars developed in the Steppe zone of Ukraine, 42.5% of the winter wheat cultivars developed in the Forrest Steppe zone of Ukraine and 10.5% of the spring wheat cultivars developed in different climatic zones carried the resistant allele of the Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1 gene. The correlation of the allelic state of the Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1 gene and the climatic zone of winter wheat cultivars and the type of development of the common wheat cultivars was found out. The percentages of the common wheat cultivars with the allele Hope of the Sr2/Lr27/Pbc gene made up 1.1%. It was found out that 35.5% of the common winter wheat cultivars developed in the Steppe zone of Ukraine, 25.7% of the winter wheat cultivars developed in the Forrest Steppe zone of Ukraine and 38.8% of the spring wheat cultivars developed in different climatic zones carried the allele of insensitivity to the toxin A of the Tsn1 gene. The percentages of the common wheat cultivars with the allele of insensitivity to the toxin B of the Tsc2 gene made up 48% for the common winter wheat cultivars developed in the Steppe zone of Ukraine, 28% for the winter wheat cultivars developed in the Forrest Steppe zone of Ukraine and 24% for the spring wheat cultivars developed in different climatic zones. It was found out that 24.4% of the common winter wheat cultivars developed in the Steppe zone of Ukraine, 37.8% of the winter wheat cultivars developed in the Forrest Steppe zone of Ukraine and 37.8% of the spring wheat cultivars developed in different climatic zones carried the allele of resistance to Fusarium head blight of the TDF_076_2D gene The correlation between the allelic states of the Tsn1, Tsc2 and TDF_076_2D genes and the climatic zone of winter wheat cultivars and the growth habits of the common wheat cultivars was also found out. A moderate impact of the Tsc2 gene on the mean level of field resistance against the causative agent of the leaf rust P. triticina was found out. None of the genes studied were found out to make a significant influence on the mean harvest during progeny tests. There were established several regularities of the selection of alleles of the genes studied in the samples of Ukrainian wheat cultivars depending on the year of zoning. In particular there were significantly more cultivars, developed after 1995 in the Steppe zone of Ukraine with the toxin A insensitivity of the Tsn1 gene and among the cultivars, developed after 1995 in the Forrest Steppe zone of Ukraine - significantly more samples found out to carry the toxin B insensitivity allele of the Tsc2 gene. A possible effect of the genes studied and their combination on the recommendations for the cultivars raising in different climatic zones of Ukraine was found out. In particular the winter common wheat cultivars, developed in the Steppe zone of Ukraine, with the toxin A insensitivity allele of the Tsn1 gene were not recommended for the Polissya and recommended for the Forrest Steppe zone of Ukraine. The winter wheat cultivars with the toxin B insensitivity allele of the Tsc2 gene developed in different climatic zones are mostly recommended for raising in the Steppe zone of Ukraine. The cultivars developed in the Forrest Steppe zone of Ukraine with the resistance allele of the Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1 gene are mostly not recommended for raising in the Steppe zone of the country. There were found out correlations between the allelic states of the Tsn1 and the Tsc2 genes for the common wheat cultivars of Ukrainian breeding, between the allelic states of the Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1 and the Tsc2 genes for the winter wheat cultivars developed in the Forrest Steppe zone of Ukraine, between the allelic states of the Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1 and the Tsn1 genes for the winter wheat cultivars of different climatic zones, between the allelic states of the Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38/Bdv1 and the TDF_076_2D genes for the common wheat cultivars of Ukrainian breeding.