Rositska N. The adaptive response of plants in different life forms under drought conditions

The thesis is focused on the adaptive response of plants to drought conditions. For the first time differences revealed in the dynamics of the water status of the leaves during the day, including a two-fold increase of water stress in plants Betula pendula, Rosa canina, Rhododendron luteum and triple - in Pinus sylvestris. It was found that plant adaptation to drought conditions is due to the strengthening of xeromorphic features in leaves, forming a clear second (Rhododendron luteum) and third (Betula pendula, Rosa сanina) layer of mesophillous, increasing the thickness of leaf lamina and the number of stomata. It is shown that aperture and intensity of stomata transpiration are characterized by significant difference during the day, so there, is a day and evening maximum moisture of loss. Studying content of malonic dialdehyde and proline in leaves it was observed a two-fold increase of their concentration in plants Betula pendula, Rosa canina, Rhododendron luteum and triple - in Pinus sylvestris. Under the drought the synthesis of catalase, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, sugars, carotenoids increased. Proved that the infringement ensure water plants leads to accumulation of allelochemicals in tissues and soil. It was shown the expediency of using natural silicon minerals to enhance the physiological and biochemical processes in drought conditions.