Bahday T. Adaptive changes in metabolism of scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) on water pollution by heavy metals and pesticides

The thesis is devoted to the elucidation of adaptation processes in the body of carp fish in the presence of metals (Cd and Cr(VI)) and pesticides (malathion, cypermethrin) in aquatic environment. Violation of oxygen-transport function of blood and disturbance in prooxidant-antioxidant balance in red blood cells and skeletal muscle of carp under the presence in water of Cd and Cr (VI) at concentrations, corresponding to 1-10 MAC (maximum allowable concentration), malathion and cypermethrin in the range of concentrations, respectively, 0.05- 1.0 mg/1 and 0.1-1.0 mg/1, were established. The levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cu) in water of ponds of Mykolaiv Fish-breeding meliorative station used for carp growing, and the contents of Cd, Cr and Pb in the surrounding soils were analysed. It was established that the contents of metals in water and soil did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations. It was shown that under the presence of Cd and Cr (VI) in aqueous medium the highest level of accumulation of these elements were found in the kidneys, and the lowest - in the skeletal muscle of carp. The possibility of using the hematological indices, contents of metals in fish organs, intensity of lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant system enzymes in fish erythrocytes for bioindication of ecological state of the aquatic environment is substantiated; effectiveness of a feed supplement containing vitamins (A, E, C) and minerals (Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, I) to improve antioxidant status and cell metabolism of fish under the presence of metals in water is proven.