The thesis deals with solving a topical scientific problem concerning creation of and research into nanoscale structures on surface plasmon polaritons for their being used in the information and communication systems. This research work analyzes the current state of infocommunication devices and the prospects of their development. The first- and second-generation optical multiplexers/demultiplexers are investigated, and the industrial WDM multiplexers are described. A mathematical model of surface plasmon polariton propagation at the interface between a metal and dielectric is developed, provided that the metal has a 2D structure. A numerical analysis of dispersion relation for the Drude model and for the one of two-dimensional electron gas is carried out. It is proved that the Drude model can be used for low frequencies, but for higher frequencies, the use of this model will lead to significant errors, and so there is a need to use more accurate models, as for example the random phase ones. A method of sequential optical lithography, which uses light-emitting diodes with wavelengths of 365 nm and 410 nm, and a system of lenses, is proposed to generate plasmon nanostructures. There have been developed and produced nanoscale structures on surface plasmon polaritons, namely plasmon waveguides of different configurations, splitters or multiplexers, which contributed to the 100-300 times increase in the speed and carrying capacity of infocommunication equipment by the frequency of electronic components. The samples obtained by the method of sequential optical lithography feature line sharpness, steep sides of a polymerized or light-struck photosensitive resist that make it possible to form conducting channels of different configuration. The research results obtained can be used to create new types of devices for processing, transmission and switching of signals suitable for use in a terahertz range, as well as in solving the problems of connection of electronics and photonics devices within integrated circuits. It has been experimentally investigated and confirmed that for the 150 nm-width waveguide, the greatest intensity of a surface plasmon polariton is observed for up to 10 nm from the place of excitement, and for 300 nm-width waveguide - up to 20 nm. The linear waveguides at different rotation angles are investigated. At small rotation angles of a 1-5-nm radius, a surface plasmon polariton incurs huge losses just at an acute angle of rotation. With 7-10-nm angle of rotation, a surface plasmon polariton gets to the end of the waveguide with a very low intensity. The best, in terms of the ratio of output-to-input signal intensity, angle of rotation is 6 nm. With this angle, the maximum transmission of SPP is close to 60% of the input signal intensity. There have been manufactured and investigated a four-channel multiplexer on 10 nm х 5 nm surface plasmon polaritons, with the width and height of the structure being 300 nm. The multiplexer is studied both as a splitter and as a combiner. At the outputs of the multiplexer the intensity obtained is sufficient for identification. The possibility of surface plasmon polariton controlling is shown in the way of changing position and polarization of a laser beam. The propagation of a surface plasmon polariton is achieved both across separate channels and across several channels of a multiplexer simultaneously.
