The thesis is devoted to the questions of delayed cranioplasty of postoperative skull defects in the experiment with materials of biological and nonbiological origin. The study was performed on 100 white rats in which a large craniotomy was simulated enough to evaluate the consolidation and osseointegration of grafts of various origin; evaluated the effectiveness of various methods of preservation of bone flap; proved the expediency of using materials used for delayed cranioplasty in the experiment (autotransplantate, protocaryl, titanium, nanocomposite metal-ceramic and nanocomposite metal-ceramic on a titanium framework) using morphological methodes and computer tomography. The experiment included two series of studies. The purpose of the first series of experiments was to study, using histological and morphometric studies, the effectiveness of various methods of conservation of the flap (freezing at -20 ° C, implantation in the subgaleal space of the head, subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall, subcutaneous tissue of the anterior surface of the thigh) for 1.5 months for further delayed autocranioplasty (20 animals). Various loci of implantation of the bone piece in vivo were chosen in connection with the fact that different areas of the body have an unequal degree of development of subcutaneous fat and vascularization, which can affect the processes of bone resorption. The second series of experiments was performed to assess the efficiency of engraftment (consolidation and osteointegration) of biological implants (autotransplantates) and non-biological (protactil, titanium, metal-ceramic, metal-ceramic on titanium frame) at the delayed cranioplasty (80 animals) 1.5 months after the operation with the help of morphological examination and SKT of the skull. The best way to preserve the bone piece of the cranial vault for further delayed cranioplasty is to freeze In samples of bone autografts implanted in subcutaneous adipose tissue at 1.5 months, develop necrotic changes, which, however, do not interfere with regeneration and bone reconstruction during implantation for the purpose of cranioplasty. Histological and morphometric studies of the degree of autostrophy showed that the least pronounced resorption according to the indicator "relative bone tissue volume" is characteristic of autografts conservated in the freezing chamber, as compared to autografts stored in living biological tissues. It has been established that the use of protakril for delayed cranioplasty of skull defects is characterized by a complete absence of processes of osseointegration of the protocapril implant with the edges of the skull defect.It was found that in the absence of a conservated flap, the use of perforated titanium plates, nanocomposite metal-ceramic materials, perforated titanium plates filled with nanocomposite metal-ceramics, are the most effective methods of cranioplasty in the experiment. The use of such materials is accompanied osteogenesis and formation of zones of ative bone regeneration, characterized by better biocompatibility of the material and the osseointegration of the graft.
