Iunger M. Anti-communist opposition in Hungary (1968–1990) – thesis’s manuscript.

In the thesis, based on the study of archival materials and a significant array of published and unpublished sources, the process of formation of opposition groups and the contribution of parties created on their basis to the peaceful change of the political regime in Hungary are determined. Historical-theoretical analysis of the prerequisites for the emergence of populist (narodnik) and urbanist opposition groups was rendered in the framework of the 21 research. They have had a long history of their existence under the rule of J. Kadar for over 10 years. The perception of the world and ideological positions of their leaders and the majority of supporters reflect two general historical and philosophical directions having existed in the public mind and political life of Hungary since the beginning of the twentieth century, namely: national-traditional and europeanmodernizational. It is the interaction of these two ideologemes on the level of tradition-development dichotomy have formed the relationship between these groups and the government, and between these groups themselves. Carrying out actions of protest, collection of signatures under appeals to the leadership of the Hungarian Socialist Worker’s Party (HSWP) on issues of socioeconomic domestic situation, as well as the establishment of a number of samizdat (self-publish) journals and publishing houses during 1981–1987 were the priority directions of the opposition activities of the urbanist and populist (narodnik) groups. Information of the Hungarian samizdat about the complex crisis of the Soviet model socialism and dissident movement in the countries of the Socialist camp, the USSR and Ukraine, contributed to the raising of awareness of Hungarian readers.