Sokolova S. Morphofunctional features of thyroid gland in children born with low weight (experimental-clinical study)

The dissertation is devoted to the study of morphofunctional features of the thyroid gland of children born with low weight from mothers, whose lifestyle components were smoking and unbalanced nutrition, expansion and supplementation of the information base of pathomorphology of intrauterine development and features of the structure of the thyroid gland under the influence of negative factors. In the conducted research archival, sectional and experimental material was used. In the analysis of births of children with a small body weight in the Kharkiv region in 2004-2014. It was found that the incidence of these children averaged 6,05%, with the majority of cases were children who were born alive. Among the stillborns, antenatal fetuses dominated over intranatal. And more often male fetuses died. Among the deceased in the first week of life, the category of children with a birth weight of 500-999 g was dominant in relation to the group of children weighing 2000-2499. A significant decrease in the percentage of mortality among the category of live newborns with very low weight during the first week of life indicates a significant improvement of medical care for children with small body weight in the early neonatal period. In the histological examination of the thyroid gland of fetuses and children, it was established that the follicular-coloidal type of organ structure was characteristic for full-term children with normal body weight and premature babies with a small body weight who lived the longest after birth. Children who lived up to 28 days had a mixed type of organ structure. The most pronounced morphofunctional changes were noted in the group of fetuses of 22-27 weeks of gestation (in most cases, mothers had a history of smoking during pregnancy), which were represented by the desquamative type of organ structure with a high level of apoptosis and an increased stromal-vascular component. In the experimental modeling of passive smoking and nutritional restriction in pregnant rats, it was found that the fetuses of the experimental females had a statistically significantly lower mass and cranio-caudal size. After birth, these offsprings also show a significant lag in somato-sexual development, a set of body weight in relation to descendants of intact mothers, with a significant decrease in survival during the first month of life, which was expressed in the death of 30% of the offsprings. Organometric, histological and morphometric parameters had the most pronounced changes in descendants with low weight, predominantly in females.