The dissertation is devoted to the study of species composition and biologica properties of automico – and microbiotypes of Scots pine seeds in Zhytomyr Polissya of Ukraine. It is shown that the biota of seeds is an important part of Scots pine, its diversity affects on the stability of the ecosystem, allows to select potential producers of biologically active substances which adventitious for biotechnological processes during formation quality Scots pine planting material. The automico – and microbiota of the Scots pine seeds include various systematic and functional groups of bacteria and fungi, among others pathogens which perform a wide range of functions and provide metabolic processes. We insulated the micromycetes from Scots pine seeds of 3 divisions (Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Deuteromycota), 4 classes of divisions Zygomycetes, Euascomycetes, Hyphomycetes, Agonomycetes and 7 families Mortierellaceae, Mucoraceae, Chaetomiaceae, Moniliaceae, Dematiaceae,
Tuberculariaceae, Agonomycetaceae. We detected Mycelia sterilia, Trichodermaviride, Alternaria alternata which represent potential plant pathogens and harmful microorganism antagonists (these species were typical representatives of Scots pine seeds mycobiota) among myxomycetes of different colored seeds selected from different age trees and different forest vegetation conditions. Typical components of the mycobiota also include representatives of genera Penicillium and Aspergillus – potential producers of mycotoxins, its traces of vital activities is
dangerous for growth and development of plants.
It has been experimentally established that the best indicators of growth processes account for seeds of black color selected in a fresh subor in ripe and medieval plantations. The most dominant species in mycobiotic seeds from all age groups were Trichoderma viride (20.0–95.8 %), Mycelia sterilia (33.0–83.3 %), Alternaria alternata (6.7–83.3 %), Cladosporium cladosporioides (6.7–69.2 %).
We have allocated 43, 39, 28, 24 types of micromycetes after pretreatment of seeds under aqueous extract of leaves morthmass of European aspen, small – leaved lime, European white birch and European filbert. The least number of fungi species were observed after pretreatment of Scots pine seeds by aqueous extraction of morthmass of English oak leaves (identified 5 species) and European alder (12 species). It was established that after pretreatment by aqueous extraction of leaves morthmass of English oak bacteria Bacillius subtilis and B. mycoides intensively excreted. In all variants of experiment the largest coefficient of settlement after treatment by extracts of morthmass of leaves account for Trichoderm lignorum (85.7 %), Trichoderm viride (80.9 %), Alternaria alternata (85.7 %), Cladosporium cladosporioides (52.3 %).
An attempt was made to investigate the systemic interactions between mycoand microorganisms of Scots pine seeds mycobiote from the point of view of theoretical substantiation and the practical application of their antagonistic properties. Given that interrelationships of organisms in the ecosystem establish on the basis of trophic links and competition between them the final stage in the formation of microbial cenosis is the nature of the substrate and antagonism which enhances the competitiveness of microorganisms. We checked 54 interactions in the systems «micromycete – smicromycetes», «micromycetes – bacteria». For obtaining of Scots pine quality planting material it is interesting and relevant to use highly effective and environmentally safe preparations based on live cultures of microorganisms. It was determined that the highest growth rates of Scots pine seeds were observed for Trichoderma viride 2016, Trichoderma lignorum 201 and Trichoderma viride 16 strains. The biometric indicators of one – year seedlings in the forest nursery were increased after pretreatment by culture liquid of Trichoderma viride 2016, Trichoderma viride 16.
An important aspect in the cultivation of quality planting material is usage of modern biotechnology methods based on the complexity of processes of reforestation and forestation and taking into account a complex of measures, in particular, the usage of potential producers of biologically active substances of microbial etiology, among other things in protecting forest plantations from harmful organisms.
