Kazarova I. Increase of the energy supply systems efficiency at the expense of implementation of cogeneration

The dissertation is devoted to the actual problem of scientific substantiation and development of effective measures for energy saving and improvement of technical and economic indicators of communal energy facilities through the introduction of cogeneration. A generalization of the choice and assessment of existing approaches to the solution of energy-saving problems when using cogeneration technologies in municipal energy were performed. The analysis of published works on the calculation of thermal schemes of power generating units and the determination of the feasibility of the introduction of cogeneration at heat-generating facilities were performed. On the basis of power generating sources of CE "Kharkiv thermal networks", which are typical for most regions of Ukraine, the complex analysis of the technical condition, operating modes of heat generating equipment, assessment of the feasibility of further design studies and the potential introducing were performed for the implementation of principles of cogeneration. Researches to assess the possibility of improving the efficiency of boiler houses when they expand on the basis of gas piston engines or gas turbine superstructures were carried out. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of the implementation of the gas piston engine and gas-turbine installation feasibility studies of the selected solutions for the implementation of cogeneration were implemented. The possibilities of introducing cogeneration through the implementation of steam backpressure turbines on boiler houses with steam boilers have been considered. Steam backpressure turbine with the largest period of operating time during the year to reduce the term of its recoupment is selected from the results of computational research. The problems of energy saving by utilizing the waste heat of a small potential of heat-generating equipment are solved. The technical and economic feasibility of using closed steam-turbine cycles on the low-boiling working fluid in the production of electrical energy to cover its own needs without additional burning of fuel is justified.