The dissertation is devoted to the study of the influence of seasonal factors, as well as fat soluble vitamins A, D3, E, and trace elements of Zinc, Selenium and Iodine on the hematological profile, the state of immune and antioxidant systems in different breeds of carp fish.
At the first part of the dissertation work the influence of seasonal factors on the activity of immune and antioxidant systems in different breeds of carp fish was studied. Studies have shown that the content of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation in the blood plasma of scaly, naked and wild carp in the autumn period is much higher, and the content of lipid hydroperoxides in summer period – is lower than in the spring period. In these fishes, in the autumn period of studies, compared with spring, observed the lower superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity and higher catalase activity. In the blood of wild and naked carps, compared with the scale carps, higher glutathione peroxidase and lower catalase activity were noted. It is shown that the function of system of antioxidant defense in the blood of carp fish featured a seasonal change in its activity, which is an expression of the adaptive mechanism of the organism of fish to the oxygen regime of the reservoir, decrease in the intensity of feed intake and changes in the initial oxidation substrates. According to the data, these processes in carp fish depend on a large extent of the genetic characteristics of the studied breeds. The number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, the amount of hematocrit and the average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocyte in naked, scaly and wild carp in the summer and especially in the autumn were greater than in the spring. In naked and wild carps, the higher potential of the cellular link of a specific immune response was discovered. The lower level of indices of non-specific resistance in scaly carps and wild carps in the summer and autumn periods of the study, as compared to spring, was stated.
In general, studies carried out at this stage have shown that the state of the immune potential and the antioxidant protection of the organism of the investigated breeds of carp fish largely depends on the influence of seasonal factors and genetic characteristics. Significantly higher indicators of natural and adaptive immunity and antioxidant potential in wild carps are found in comparison with the scale and naked carps.
At the second part of research, the effectiveness of the use of fat-soluble vitamins A, D3, E and trace elements Zinc, Selenium and Iodine in the composition of the biologically active additive to the diet of scaled and wild carp at the end of the vegetative period on the intensity of the lipid peroxidation processes, the activity of antioxidant system, indicators of natural and adaptive immunity has been experimentally confirmed. The decrease in the blood plasma of fish, the content of intermediate and final products of peroxide oxidation of lipids, increased phagocytic, lysozyme and bactericidal activity have been shown.
The action of the vitamin-mineral complex showed an increase in the content of zinc and selenium in the liver and muscles of carp and wild carp, and a decrease in the blood plasma content of intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation, increased activity of the antioxidant enzyme chain of system.
The use of fat-soluble vitamins A, D3, E and trace elements Zinc, Selenium, and Iodine caused an increase in hemoglobin concentration, the number of red blood cells, monocytes and segmental neutrophils and a decrease in the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in their blood, which positively influenced the oxygen transport and immune blood function, especially in wild carps. An increase in the number of T-lymphocytes in the blood (general and active) and increasing of their functional activity, especially in wild carps, was established.
In general, the results of the conducted research showed that the use of zinc-soluble vitamins and trace elements Selenium, Zinc and Iodine in carp feed additive reduces the intensity of peroxide oxidation of lipids, increases the activity of the antioxidant system, promotes the growth of immune potential and productivity in carp and wild carp. This effect was expressed more in the body of wild carps than in naked carp.
