Shatynska O. Biochemical processes in the rats organism with experimentally induced diabetes under the action of magnesium and chromium citrates

The aim of dissertation was elucidate of some biochemical features of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, antioxidant defense system in blood and tissues of rats with experimental diabetes under the influence different doses of magnesium (100, 250 and 500 mg Mg2+/kg bw) and chromium (10 and 25 µg Cr3+/kg bw) citrates and develop a new approaches of correction the metabolic disorders. Citrate compounds were synthetized by nanotechnology method. The influence of magnesium and chromium citrates on the activity of carbohydrate metabolism key enzymes and it's metabolites contents, content of total lipids and their classes, the lipid oxidation products and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the body of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus was investigated. Oppression of the functional activity antioxidant defense system and intensification of the lipids peroxidation in diabetic rats were detected during experiments. It has been shown increase the content of TBA-active products, lipid oxidation products and decrease activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the rats’ organism with experimental diabetes mellitus. However, pronounced antioxidant effect of magnesium and chromium citrates under the diabetes was detected. As evidence, it has been shown that oral introduction of macro- and micronutrient citrates compounds decrease the content of TBA-active products, lipid oxidation products and increase activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the rats’ organism with experimental diabetes mellitus. Besides, addition to the diet of magnesium citrate (in doses of 100- and 250 mg Mg2+ / kg bw) and together with chromium citrate (in doses 250 mg Mg2+/ kg bw and 25 µg Cr3+/ kg bw) has been contributed to the improvement of the functional status of the glutathione defense system compared to these indexes in diabetic animals. It was established significant increase glucose concentration and decreased insulin and C-peptide concentrations in blood plasma diabetic rats. Also activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in red blood cell, liver, skeletal muscle and pancreas was decreased in diabetic rats. However, activity of the lactate dehydrogenase increased in red blood cell and skeletal muscle, but decreased in liver and pancreas in diabetic rats. Hypoglycemic action of investigated compounds was established. Activation enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and normalization aerobic glycolysis were observed under action of citrate compounds. As a consequence, under the influence of magnesium citrate, both independently and consistently with chromium citrate, in the animals had shown significant increase insulin and C-peptide concentrations and, also, decrease glucose concentration. Preferable normalizing effect was observed when applied magnesium citrate in dose 250 mg Mg/ kg bw and with chromium citrate in dose 25 μg Cr/kg bw. The content of total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol and free fatty acids were decreased in diabetic rats. It was shown for the first time that the studied compounds decrease the content of total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol and free fatty acids in blood plasma of diabetic rats under influence of magnesium and chromium citrates. These data could be evidence of anti-atherogenic effects of the investigated compounds. The method of applying magnesium and chromium citrates in studied doses for prevention and correction of hyperglycemia was proposed. It could be the base for the creating a new medical remedies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Effectiveness of the magnesium citrate on its own and in combination with chromium citrate on the metabolism of rats’ organism with diabetes was experimentally substantiated. It was proved that complex of citrates can prevent and correct of metabolic disorders under diabetes mellitus. The obtained data broaden the understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of hypoglycemic effect of these compounds.