Chornenka N. Processes of healing alkaline burn of the esophagus in rats under conditions of introduction of melanin

The dissertation is devoted to research of healing processes under alkaline burn of the esophagus (АВЕ) and under conditions of application of melanin. Burns are one of the most common causes of childhood injuries. The esophagus chemical burns are usually given to children aged 1 to 3, due to the availability and variety of a large number of chemicals that can accidentally be consumed by the child. Today it is important to study the processes of healing after chemical burns of the esophagus. Іt can help in the development of effective treatment. For simulation of alkaline burn of the esophagus, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was chosen, since alkaline substances are more common in everyday life. In the first phase of our research, we conducted the determination of basic biochemical parameters in blood serum under conditions of АВЕ and in the application of melanin. According to the results obtained, it was shown that in the АВЕ there was a decrease in the concentration of total protein and albumin, an increase of urea and creatinine, an increase the activity of AST and ALT, the ion exchange rates changed. The introduction of melanin showed a normalization of the studied parameters under conditions of АВЕ. In the conditions of ABE the functions of the antioxidant system were violated, the activation of the immune system was active, the content of proinflammatory increased and the content of antiinflammatory cytokines decreased. There was a high content of IgG 21 days after ABE, which may indicate the transition of inflammatory response to the chronic phase. The growth of the level of expression of proinflammatory genes in blood and esophagus tissues: Ptgs2 and Tgfb1 in the conditions of ABE have been shown. The revealed quantitative changes in the protein fraction content, increased globulin and decreased albumin fractions in serum under conditions of ABE. There were violations of functioning in the system of proteolysis, which led to high proteolytic activity, the formation of degraded forms of plasminogen/plasmin, the appearance of neutrophilic elastase. The appearance of an active protein fraction in the esophagus mucosa, which may correspond to MMP-7, under the conditions of ABE, may indicate a possible malignant degeneration of the esophagus tissues in the future. The introduction of melanin for 14 days to rats with ABE led to the normalization of the system of antioxidant defense and immune processes and had a positive effect on the state of the proteolysis system. Under the influence of melanin, the level of expression of the genes Ptgs2 and Tgfb1 varied towards the control group of rats.