Yanov D. Circulation of coins of the Ottoman Empire in the Carpathian-Dniester area (1381-1691)

The object of research is the coins of the Ottoman Empire issued from 1381 till 1691. The aim of research is examination of circulation of the Ottoman coins, issued from 1381 till 1691, within the context of historical development of the Carpathian-Dniester area during this period. The methods: historical-genetical, historical-comparative and historical-typological, analysis and synthesis, typological analysis, topographical, statistical, deduction and induction. The dissertation deals with circulation of the Ottoman coins, issued from 1381 till 1691, in the context of historical development of the Carpathian-Dniester area during this period. Position of the Ottoman coins in this region was determined by such factors as volume of their mintage, degree of the commodity-money relations development, position of local and other foreign currency etc. Common and distinctive features of circulation of the Ottoman coins in the Principality of Moldavia and in the territory under control of the Ottoman administration are identified. Also, the role of the Ottoman coins at different levels of the monetary circulation is analyzed – from small daily transactions to international commercial transactions. Attention is paid to previously poorly researched features of circulation of the copper Ottoman coins (mangirs). In addition, development of the Ottoman monetary system from its origin in the first half of the 14th century till Suleyman II’s reforms in late 17th century is examined, particularly the dating of some types is suggested.