The dissertation research is devoted to solving an actual scientific and practical problem – the development of models, methods and means for ensuring the synchronous functioning of ship and port computer systems for increasing the efficiency of carrying out unloading / loading works and ensuring that containers are placed in accordance with the safety norms of container shipping.
An analysis of existing models of loading control systems and systems of accounting and planning of container placement on container vessels was carried out. As a result of the synthesis of the analyzed data, there was found a lack of scientific decisions regarding the automation of the control of the loading process and the conversion of vessel stability parameters in real time. The regularities, which in the future will allow increasing efficiency of loading / unloading of container carriers, are described. There was found the lack of a unified information model that meets all modern requirements of integrity and efficiency of work. The analysis of existing systems of accounting and planning of containers placement on container vessels, despite their wide possibilities, has shown their low efficiency, the lack of flexible adaptation algorithms in their work, exceeding duties of the captain and those responsible for loading. It was determined that existing loading methods do not allow controlling the movement of containers. It then defined one of the further directions of the study. The proposal is made to create new integrated approaches to managing the loading process, to develop methods for the automatic control of ship parameters in real time during loading / unloading, to develop new methods and systems for controlling boat loading, which will allow controlling the modes of loading automatically and providing real-time information.
On the basis of the methods of system analysis, the structure of the information model of the computerized control system for loading of the container carrier was developed. The developed model allows substantially simplifying the process of loading due to the introduction of digital control points and the introduction of a single information field of the port zone and the vessel.
There is developed a method for loading container vehicles, which provides for automatic determination of the current coordinates of the loaded container with the possibility of further logging of the conducted process, which allows it to be used in computer ship systems with the ability to control the flow of loading in real time.
There is no need to attract additional personnel to control the loading. To give a captain the opportunity to stay at an arbitrary point of the port and find out the quantitative composition of the unloaded or loaded containers, as well as their direct route data, the model of the system of mobile monitoring under the loading process is developed.
The development of a mathematical device based on previously created information models of container loading system is given. In particular, the mathematical model of the container loading system is developed, which allows determining the overwhelming majority of technical parameters of the vessel after loading. The model involves controlling the proper weight of the containers, its uniform distribution, the compliance of the loaded containers with the selected loading optimization criteria, which includes the priority of loading by weight, the order of delivery according to the destination, value and so on. The mathematical model of the automatic positioning method for loading and unloading container vessels in container terminals is developed. The main problem to be solved is the transformation of the coordinates of the container from the coordinate system, which has a connection to the coastline in the ship's coordinate system and a constant recount of the current coordinates of the loaded container. The developed algorithm for calculating the coordinates of the loaded container lets one calculate the coordinates of the container at an arbitrary time, but this procedure involves continuous work in real time and requires pre-calibration for accurately establishing the beginning of the coordinates of each measurement and verification systems received from the accelerometer.
The software-hardware complex is developed, which allows remotely in real time monitoring the movements of containers with a cargo crane, logging all events and verifying the process to comply with existing norms and requirements operating in shipping. The development of the hardware part determined the necessity of refusing to develop a system using the full life cycle of the electronic system development, as time spent on development and certification requirements to the system will impose unnecessary financial costs. Therefore, the main elements of the system are implemented using the advanced line of industrial controllers manufactured by Phoenix Contact.
