Production activity of man is accompanied by accumulation of harmful
substances in the environment. In anthropogenic pollution of the environment,
cement plants, which are characterized by two types of emissions: dust and products
of combustion, play an important role. One such enterprise is OJSC
"Mykolaivtsement", which according to the environmental certificate of Lviv region
is the second, after Dobrotvirska TPP, polluter of the atmosphere in the region. The
combustion products contain a significant amount of heavy metals and other harmful
compounds. Cement dust is harmful, first of all, as a disease factor for silicosis,
although heavy metals are also present in it.
The compounds contained in the emissions of cement plants fall into the soil,
plants and the organism of animals. The ecological situation requires the study of the
degree of pollution of the territory adjacent to the cement plant, the components of
non-localized emissions, as well as the environmental effects of the migration of
these elements with trophic chains. In particular, an important aspect of assessing the
nutritional value of livestock products in general and of the geese (Anser anser
domesticus L.) is the peculiarities of the accumulation of heavy metals in certain
organs and tissues. Due to the high concentration of Cadmium and Plymouth, the
intensity of the bird decreases, pathological changes occur in organs and tissues. It is
especially important to take into account the effect of these factors on geese, which
are from the early age on the pasture. Therefore, the study of the migration processes22
of heavy metals in separate parts of the trophic chain, as well as their accumulation in
organs and tissues of geese, is an actual problem of the present in the theoretical and
practical aspects.
Selenium reduces the toxicity of heavy, as it is part of the active center of the
antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase. In the presence of selenium, the binding
of heavy metals with metal-ionones, in which they do not exhibit toxic effects,
intensifies. In addition, selenium reduces the toxic effect of heavy metals forming
with Cadmium inactive complex compounds that are excreted from the body with
urine. Since selenium is blocked in this case, the need for it in the high content of
heavy metals in the environment increases.
The dissertation work the study of the complex effect of the technological factors
of the cement plant and the effect of Cadmium and Plumbuum on the accumulation
of heavy metals in the geese, antioxidant and immune status, metabolic profile of
blood; the method has been developed to prevent the negative influence of heavy
metals on the body of geese by introducing Selenium into their diet.
The novelty in the work is an analysis of the intensity of the accumulation of
Cadmium and Plumbum in organs and tissues and the effect of these heavy metals on
the antioxidant and immune status of geese contained in the pasture located in the
industrial zone of OJSC "Mykolayivtsement". For the first time, the antioxidant effect
of ascorbate selenium and sodium selenite in geese has been investigated and the
effectiveness of its use has been determined to eliminate the compounds of Cadmium
and Plumbum from their organism.
The practical significance of the results obtained is related to the assessment of
grazing pollution near the OJSC "Mykolaivcement" with heavy metals and their
accumulation in the body of geese kept on it. The use of ascorbate selenium for the
removal of cadmium and Plumubum from the body of geese is proposed.
