In the dissertation for the first time the results of complex researches, which were
carried out in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on dark-gray
podzolized soils, aimed at studying the mobility of ions Cd2+ and Pb2+ in soil and their
accumulation in white cabbage and beetroot by applying the different systems of
fertilizers and calcium meliorants, and too their effects on soil biota and plants.
Established of positive effect of the combined use of organic fertilizers and meliorants in
the chemical detoxification of mobile forms of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the soil and a significant
reduction of translocation of these ions of heavy metals in plants Brassica oleracea var.
capitata L. and Beta vulgaris L. during the growing season.
The novelty in the dissertation is that for the first time analyzed toxicodynamics
cadmium and lead by phases of the growing season, which is related to the activity of
peroxidase in leaves of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. and Beta vulgaris L., as an
indicator of stress conditions of plants to phytotoxic action of ions Cd2+ and Pb2+. For the
first time a comparative estimation of the phytotoxic influence of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions on
biometric parameters of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. and Beta vulgaris L. by
phenophases of growth and development plants.
The detected peculiarities of accumulation and dispensation of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions
in separate organs and tissues of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. and Beta vulgaris L.
Research has established, that most of cadmium and lead concentrate in the underground
part of the root system Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (0,235 and 4,497 mg/kg), which
is more than 14-19 times, than in the head. In the external stem the concentration of Cd
and Pb was 0,071 and 1,946 mg/kg, while in the inner stalk of heads was 0,066 and
1,475 mg/kg. In inner leaf of heads cabbage (edible of part) marked the lowest
concentration of Cd and Pb, respectively 0,017 and 0,238 mg/kg.
Research has found that in plants Beta vulgaris L. highest cadmium and lead
accumulated in the underground part of root (tail), respectively 0,324 and 1,465 mg/kg.
In the inside of root crop the concentration of Cd and Pb was 0,027 and 0,517 mg/kg. In
the leaves the concentration of Cd was 3,5 times higher than in the root crop, while Pb,
by contrast, was 1,58 times lower.
The application of organic (var. 6) and organo-mineral (var 7) system of fertilizer
against background of liming soil at growing white cabbage and beetroot significantly
reduced the mobility of Cd2+ and Pb2+ cations at different levels of simulated soil
contamination of these heavy metals, and consequently reduced their toxicity effect on
soil biota and lowered translocations in vegetable plants, and too in general, confirmed
the effectiveness of the measures taken on chemical detoxification of contamination soil
with cadmium and lead.
The obtained results of the dissertation research in the future can be practically used
in solving the problem of detoxification, preservation and restoration of fertility of darkgray podzolized soils contaminated with heavy metals, and also to production of
ecologically safe vegetable products.
Proposed complex applying of organic and organo-mineral fertilizer system together
with liming soil for growing beetroot at norms Biohumus 4 t/ha + CaCO3 5 t/ha and
N34P34K34 + Biohumus 2 t/ha + CaCO3 5 t/ha, and for growing white cabbage at norms
Biohumus 8 t/ha + CaCO3 5 t/ha and N68P68K68 + Biohumus 4 t/ha + CaCO3 5 t/ha.
