The thesis is devoted to the determination of peculiarities of the effect of organized solutions based on colloidal surfactants of various charge type on the reaction rate constant of triphenylmethane dyes with nucleophiles. The influence of inert electrolytes on kinetic micellar effects, and the influence of mixed solvents on the rate constant were also studied. Anionic triphenylmethane dye nitrophenol violet has been studied and proposed to use it for study of kinetic, and micellar effects in solutions. The polarity effect on the reaction rate of triphenylmethane dyes with hydroxide ion was established on the basis of the influence of water-organic systems on the value of the rate constant over a wide range of the organic component. It was established that the polarity effect obeys the Hughes–Ingold rule. The effect of water-organic solvents on the reaction rate is mainly determined by the contribution of specific solvation. Investigation of seven reactions involving cationic and anionic dyes and two nucleophiles (НО– and Н2О) made it possible to establish the main regularities of the effect of cationic, anionic, zwitterionic and nonionic micelles on the rate of nucleophilic addition reactions. Nonionic, zwitterionic, and cationic micelles increase the observed rate constant of the reaction of cationic dyes with HO– ion and H2O, and decrease the reaction of anionic dyes with H2O and HO– ion, compared with surfactant-free system. The micelles of Brij-35 have no effect on the reaction of nitrophenol violet dianion. Cationic micelles strongly accelerate the reaction between cationic dyes and HO– ion. Anionic micelles reduce the addition of HO– ion to cationic and anionic dyes, and H2O to anionic dyes; and accelerate the addition of H2O to cationic dyes, and have not affected the reactions of dianions of nitrophenol violet and nitrophenol crimson. Quantitative estimation of kinetic micellar effects was carried out on the basis of the Piszkiewicz, Berezin, pseudophase ion-exchange (PIE) Bunton and Romsted models. The value of the obtained parameters is discussed. The obtained results are explained taking into account the following factors: 1) a distribution of the dyes between the water phase and the micellar pseudophase; 2) a lower polarity of the medium at the location of the dyes in the micelle; 3) a change in the concentration of HO– ions in the surface layer of micelles; 4) the primary salt effect, which affects the indicator ions in the water phase. For the first time, a decrease was established in the local concentration of reactive HO– ions bound by cationic micelles; «revulsive effect» due to their electrostatic association with the cationic head groups is proposed as a possible explanation. The ion-exchange between the HO– ion and the F–, Ac–, Cl–, Br–, Bnz–, NO3–, N3–, Sal– in the Stern layer of cationic and zwitterionic micelles was studied. The salts are arranged in order by reducing the catalytic effect of CTAOH on the reaction of methyl violet cation with HO–: NaF < NaAc < NaCl < NaBr < NaNO3 < NaN3 < NaBnz < NaSal. The obtained values of the ionexchange constants according to the PIE model equal to Kf=1,0, 2,1, 4,1, 15, 16, 18, 23, 48 for cationic micelles. The effect of ion-exchange on the kinetic micellar effect is due to the change in the local concentration of the ion in the micellar pseudophase. It is shown that Br–, Bnz–, N3–, and Sal– anions change the concentration of the micellar-bound anionic dyes under the condition of a large excess of the inert electrolyte.
