As a result of the studies conducted in 2015-2018 on the effect of the duration of the growing season of sugar beet crops on weeds productivity, it has been established that the productivity of plant crops in sugar beet crops primarily depends on optimal conditions, especially in the first half of their vegetation. The cessation of the protection of crops of beet sugar from weeds to the time of sufficient development of plant crops and ensuring that they form a projective covering of leaves of the soil surface at least 90% leads to the emergence in subsequent periods of a common vegetation with weeds of intense competition for factors of life and decline. the level of root crop yield of sugar beet from 24.6 t/ha or 48.3 % to 55.9 t/ha or 76.7 %.
In crops, without the negative influence of competitors on the factors of life and the formation of plants of culture of a powerful puffer machine and the closure of rows after the second decade of June, it allows the beet crops to successfully control the processes of re-insemination until the harvest time of the root crops. The yield of root crops of such crops (variants 4-6) ranged from 61.7 to 72.1 t/ha or from 84.6 to 98.9 % of the maximum indicators in the experiments.
In the process of vegetation weeds are actively absorbed from the soil of the compound of mineral nutrition and water. The maximum volumes of absorption of nitrogen compounds (N) were 138.3 mg/m2, phosphorus (P2O5) - 73.4 mg/m2, potassium compounds (K2O) - 153 mg/m2, water (H2O) - 245.3 L/m2 were fixed on 15.07
The use of tank compositions of herbicides with a minimum of one-time rates of consumption (option 4) excluded the induction of chemical dis. - stresses on plants of culture. The content of chlorophyll in the culture leaves after the system of successive sprays (at 20.05) was 1.2 mg/dm2 or 98.4 % of the level of indices in vegetable plants without herbicides (option 5). The yield of root crops was on average 71.9 t/ha, that is, it was close to yields of crops without the negative effects of weeds and herbicides (option 5).
Creation of increased indicators of optical density by forming sugar beet cultures with a higher plant density contributed to better control of dense projective coverage in crops. Vegetation conditions of weeds of re-insemination deteriorated, which contributed to the preservation of high yields of root crops. On crops with a density of 100 and 130 thousand pcs./ha, the yield of root crops was 67.9 and 70.2 t/ha, or a decrease of 4.8 and 1.5 % of the maximum possible level in the experiments.
The application of new weed protection systems through sequential spraying systems (options 4 and 5) by micro-norms of herbicide consumption provided a reduction in the level of inbredness by 94.7 and 95.0 %. The yield of root crops reached 68.9 and 69.6 t/ha, or 98.0 and 99.0 % of the maximum.
The implementation of the protection of crops from weeds through the use of micro-norms of herbicide consumption avoids the processes of induction of unwanted dis. - stresses in sugar beet plants and additional yield from 4.8 to 5.5 t/ha of root crops compared with the yield level of option 3.
Reducing the level of chemical load of herbicides on the environment as a result of the application of new protection systems from weeds was: Option 4 is 33% less, Option 5 is 15 % less, or 5.32 L/ha and 2.38 L/ha total norms to refill the drugs in relation to the chemical loading of option 3 (use of 3 successive sprays).
Systems of protection of crops of beet sugar from weeds are developed, excluding induction of unwanted dis. - stresses (variants 5 and 4) in sugar beet juvenile plants, provide the highest biological productivity of crop plants in crops, obtaining the largest amount of cash income and coefficients of energy efficiency of crops, and simultaneous reduction of the chemical load on the environment from 15.4 (variant 5 ) to 30.7 % (option 4) compared to the traditional production version (3).
Key words: sugar beets, weeds, processes of desalination, weight, yield reduction, herbicides, spraying, chemical dis. - stresses, rates of consumption, efficiency, yields, chemical load on the environment.
