Hunchak M. Ecotoxicological and economic substantiation of protection systems of apple from harmful organisms in the Precarpathean province of Carpathean mountaineous area of Ukraine

Research objects are toxicological hazards of apple-tree garden from pests. Purpose is ecotoxicological and economic-feasibility study apple-tree protection from pests in Preсarpathean province of Carpathean mountainous area of Ukraine. Technique of research – laboratory, field, computer modeling, mathematic–statistical, calculating. The pests and disease pathogens of Precarpathean province of Carpathean mountainous area of Ukraine was considered on the monitoring base of phitosanitary state of apple-tree ecological state. The phitophages dominating species and diseases are specified. The modern assortment pesticide classification was provided. The pesticide’s usage dangerous degree for apple-tree protection was provided as per integral classification. The fruit garden protection system evaluated on ecotoxicological risk according to the agroecotoxicological index. The chemical, biological and biological–chemical apple-tree protection systems were developed and adapted to regional weather-climatic conditions. These systems are allowed to receive yield to 26 t/ha. The ecologically-friendly and economically based apple-tree protection systems were proposed to regional producers. They are included the modern pesticide assortment usage by their polarity and the dangerous degree. It is allowed to decrease pesticide stress apple-tree garden ecological system. This system is allowed to receive profit to 110 thousand hrivnas, with rate of return to 127%. The protection system’s payback period allows to evaluate the present protection system. The cost recovery showed the yield add in the scope from 22,3% apple fruits of 1-st sort to 43,8% of non-standard fruits. So it is necessary to use this system by the researches results. Key words: apple, plant protection, chemical, biological, integrated protection, economic efficiency, ecotoxicology, phytosanitary monitoring.