According to the priority of directions in the development of science and technology in Ukraine, as the most important issues of the development of scientific and technical, socio-economic, socio-political, human potential in order to ensure Ukraine's competitiveness in the world and sustainable development of society and state, there are the technologies of consistent use, preservation and enrichment of biological resources and improving their quality and safety, preserving biodiversity and technology of rational use of soils and preserving their fertility. Technogenic territories, formed while pulling roach out to the surface, are qualitatively new edaphotechnical components of ecosystems with specific composition and features interacting with the environment. Surface mining operations cause the complete destruction of all components of biogeocoenosis: edaphotope, phytocenosis, zoocenosis and microbiota. At the beginning of biological development, technosols are characterized by unfavourable edaphic properties, and in the process of the biological stage of the reclamation, most of the limiting factors (supply of nutrients, salinity, physical features) reduce their restrictive effect. An important scientific issue is the discovery of mechanisms that cater for the preservation of ecological diversity and form biogeocoenic bonds that determine the dynamics of biological productivity in ecosystems. All the above mentioned state the relevance of studying the regularities of formation of animal communities in soil-like structures artificially created in the process of soil reclamation.
In the work for the first time the significance of edaphic properties of technosols (electrical conductivity, hardness and aggregate composition) and features of the vegetation cover (structure of physiognomic types and ecological regimes assessed by means of phytoindication) have been proved as being the predictors of ecological niches of terrestrial molluscs in technosols; the invariant in time character, and species-specific and peculiar for the technosols nature of the mollusc populations abundance distribution on the background of considerable spatial-temporal variability of the population size have been determined; the consistency of the communities of technosols have been proved; and the hypotheses that explain the mechanisms of the consistency of the communities have been described; the features of ecological niches of terrestrial molluscs of technosols have been established. In the dissertation, the procedure of digital decoding photographs of the Earth's surface has been improved aimed at quantitative evaluation of the projective coverage of various physiognomic types.
As a result of this work, an approach for decoding digital photographs of the Earth's surface was developed to detect the projective vegetation cover and some vegetation cover categories – physiognomic types. This approach is an alternative to the widespread ocular method and provides an opportunity to obtain quantitative and objective assessment of the state of vegetation cover, which can be used both for monitoring the state of vegetation during the biological stage of reclamation, and for measuring ecogeographical predictors of the ecological niche of terrestrial animals, including molluscs. The practical result of the work is also that, along with the assessment of the population size as its fundamental characteristic, it is necessary to use the indexes of the correspondence of the observed molluscs abundance distribution to the theoretical models. The correspondence of one or another model indicates the quality of the population, which is very important for achieving the objectives of monitoring and environmental assessment of the state of the soils being reclaimed.
