Magera I. Improving of the efficiency of municipal solid waste thermal incineration.

The thesis is devoted to efficiency increasing of municipal solid waste incineration with low and unstable heat of combustion by choosing of rational modes of the equipment operation with meeting of ecological safety requirements, which will lead to reduction of natural gas consumption. A method of determining the combustion heat of MSW by burning it in a designed boiler proposed in the work. Variety of the MSW’s net calorific value is established on the basis of the proposed method for different morphological composition depending on the year and the values of the combustion heat for the four seasonsare 6780-7070, 7100-7200, 7300-7430 and 5110-5760 kJ / kg, respectively, starting from the spring season. Models of material and thermal balance of the MSW combustion process are proposed. An approach of determining the characteristics of MSW combustion was created based on above mentioned models, taking into account the experimental data on the temperature of the furnace. The specific consumption of natural gas during incineration of MSW withvarying morphological composition is established, the incineration plant “Energia” (Kyiv). In particular, it is shown that the specific gas consumption is almost linearly dependent on the combustion heat of the MSW and varies from 0 to 0.08 m3 / kg MSW. The data on the magnitude of the influence of the heating temperature tp of the air on combustion and the coefficient of its excess ratio α on the temperature of the exhaust gases are obtained. Corresponding ranges of rational values of α and tp are established, which are equal to 1.87..2.62 and 20..380 0С, respectively. The data on the dependence between the heat of combustion of MSW, the temperature of heating of combustion air and the coefficient of its excess for the nominal and average loads of the incinerator were obtained and the corresponding regression equations were constructed. A monitoring system and related software have been developed that, by the content of combustion products components and statistics on the operation of the incinerator, determine the value of the combustion heat of the MSW and the need for use of natural gas for illumination.